Низовцев Юрий Михайлович : другие произведения.

What are the true reasons of the abnormality of geniuses?

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  • Аннотация:
    The creative beginning is present in every person, reaching its peak in not much individuals. However, these geniuses, with rare exceptions, suffer from diseases that are not often inherent in their less talented and numerous brethren. Why is this happening, modern science has not discovered, stating only the known facts of manifestation sooner or later in geniuses of painful deviations, which only have to be put up with. The reasons for this phenomenon are shown below and supported by relevant examples.
  
  (On the danger of high degree of creativity)
  
  I
  The progressive motion of society is always based not on the course of soulless things and phenomena - they can only support this or that motion or interfere with it. This motion is determined by a change in consciousness of living beings. It manifests itself primarily in interaction of individuals with the environment in order to survive, and then with each other, creating certain relationships that facilitate or hinder the development of both individuals and their communities.
  The variety of forms of human consciousness leads to the fact that individuals always appear in society who most of all want to change their environment for the greater convenience of their own life, and they succeed, since they have not only such desire, but also the corresponding abilities in such spheres of activity, as a technique, animal husbandry, growing fruits and berries, a living word, creating forms that reflect reality in their understanding (painting, sculpture), etc.
  These abilities can manifest themselves in varying degrees - from brilliant accomplishments to small improvements in everyday life, but they manifest, as a rule instinctively, since at their core they are the desire of any living creature to create great amenities for existence in the environment, resulting from dissatisfaction with what is.
  At the same time, a significant part of these people do not have a purely selfish trend prevailing in the animal world, since they do not separate the public good from their own and are ready to share their achievements and findings with society, often completely gratuitously, thereby accelerating social progress both in the field of technology and in the field of culture.
  It is to these creative people that society owes its rather comfortable existence to this day due to the use of electricity, various types of fast and convenient transport, communications and many purely household appliances - from a toothbrush, fan and plug to a smartphone and effective drugs that significantly extend life.
  In other words, there are individuals in society who are always filled with a deep sense of dissatisfaction with their surroundings which comes to them from natural consciousness in its striving to create greater convenience for existence. However, this feeling is combined with their highest consciousness, in the form of self-consciousness, that is, the awareness of the scarcity of social comfort, the development of science and art. If self-consciousness reaches a high degree, it will require extending the achievements of civilization and culture to everyone.
  But natural consciousness dominates at this, since the activity of these individuals manifests itself mostly instinctively, without much thought, with a minimum of logical reasoning, nevertheless giving the most creative persons of all living.
  It is this kind of people, who as if instinctive strive improve own life by finding and implementing new knowledge by various ways without hiding it from society, based on their own interest, make discoveries, create masterpieces of poetry, painting, engineering, become outstanding commanders. That is, their activities are focused mainly to creativity, which attracts them by no means from the point of view of consuming some benefits - they are interested in the process itself.
  If in fact the consciousness of creative persons is dominated by the natural consciousness, expressing itself instinctively, then this circumstance should be reflected in a certain inadequacy of the most creative persons both in relation to their own surrounding and in their physiological and psychological characteristics.
  The fact is that the outstanding abilities for creativity, already laid down in the genotype, can largely supplant ordinary human properties and even affect the appearance of a person and his psyche, that is, for the most outstanding creative persons, called geniuses, this kind of substitution should be manifested most prominently and quite often.
  Indeed, for a long time already, frequent painful or unusual deviations from the norm was noticed among outstanding creative people, mainly in the field of art, where their genius can most freely "rampage".
  Although detailed studies on calculating the proportion of such deviations in geniuses in comparison with ordinary people have not been carried out, and could not have been carried out, since the very concept of genius is understood by researchers not the same, however, quite extensive information about generally recognized geniuses in certain areas indicates almost widespread and significant painful deviations in their psyche, physiology and even in appearance and behavior, being a kind of payment for an increased degree of creativity of their consciousness, which is not typical, for example, for ordinary people who make up the majority of the population.
  Therefore, it makes sense to turn to a more detailed study of the causes of this phenomenon, which makes a high degree of creativity dangerous for its carriers, which, on the one hand, makes a person an outstanding creator, and on the other hand, creates a defectiveness in him, that he is unable to overcome.
  II
  So, over hundreds of millions of years of the formation of natural consciousness on the basis of the brain in the animal kingdom, when there was still no question of self-consciousness, a whole storehouse of information of various kinds has accumulated in it, the purposeful use of which could give already structured information in the form of certain findings for changing the surrounding world outside the evolutionary process, which is mostly random in nature (mutations in genes).
  However, a targeted approach to the use of a huge amount of information in each brain of a sufficiently developed living being was out of the question without a radical change in consciousness, more precisely, adding a new form of consciousness to the natural consciousness, or other programs for the action of a living being, with the help of which it could already to be aware of the meaning of their actions, making plans for a more or less distant future and solving problems not only for survival in one's own niche of existence, but also setting goals for artificially changing the situation in one's own area of life, first only for its improvement, and then for solving such non-utilitarian tasks as cognition the world around and oneself, which is reflected directly in new technical solutions and objects of art. More details about the process of changing consciousness and the emergence of self-consciousness can be found, for example, in the work "How and for what was the person being appeared from the monkey?!" [1, Part 1, ј 1].
  The manifestation of human consciousness occurs through material formations in the form of neurons, most structuredly collected in the brain,
  The main forms of human consciousness are natural consciousness, inherited from a whole range of creatures - from reptiles to animals, the last of which in the evolutionary series was a highly developed monkey; and The highest consciousness, expressed in a person's awareness of himself and his own actions in the form of project-target thinking, manifested for the first time in hominids, as well as intelligence, which is a center for receiving, processing, accumulating and distributing information, which controls the functioning of the body and is thereby a source of information for both natural consciousness and the highest consciousness. More details about intelligence, its features and differences from consciousness itself are described in the work "What really is intellect?" [2].
  Certainly, the only natural consciousness in animals uses its biological computer (intellect) only as a provider of current information and data from deep or RAM memory, needed at the moment, without much calculating, since almost every second in the living environment carries a particular threat and, practically, any living being has no time for long thinking about its further actions. That is, complex and long-term calculations in a living environment are impossible, and therefore one has to rely mostly on instincts and reflexes, that is, as it were, already worked out and memorized solutions to life problems in certain conditions. This kind of behavior is for a person when he is acting without much thought, but bearing in mind a specific goal, also is being immersed him in own deep memory (into the sphere of natural consciousness), is qualifies as an intuitive approach to solving incoming problems.
  For a person, since he lives in one of the communities of civilization, and where everyday threats to life are minimal compared to existence in the wild, where everyone tries to devour each other, it is not an intuitive approach to life that is more characteristic, but the calculation of own actions for relatively long time, based on traditions and the use of society's capabilities, laws, rights and other regulations.
  Therefore, the overwhelming majority of the population gets used to looking for support in life in an ordered environment of society, where the entire course of life is described in sufficient detail, starting with education and upbringing, and ending with work in one or other known conditions.
  As a result, most of the population perceives itself to be protected by society, becoming its obedient inhabitants, who do not need to use the information reserves of their deep memory, since they live according to a legalized schedule and do not claim anything else, in which they are supported by the authorities, since it's easier to manage subjects who want only a calm, orderly, well-fed life without any special worries.
  However, this kind of behavior with a balanced low level of manifestation of both the natural and the highest consciousness is a direct path to degradation, but this does not occur, since natural disasters happen even in an orderly human community as well as between different communities can emerge collisions due to various kinds of property. an increase in the volume of which can provide, for example, the capture of the territories of their own neighbors.
  Such events in the environment cause the appearance in society of individuals with higher levels of both forms of consciousness, who are able to think about ways to obtain new knowledge, and they can be useful both in wars and for the general development of the community. These individuals can also prove to be excellent organizers, contributing to better management and functioning of communities, and thereby they can create more favorable conditions for victory one or the other communities in their competitive struggle.
  Hence, it is clear that various combinations of levels of manifestation of the natural and the highest consciousness (self-consciousness) in a person can give very different types of individuals by interests, energy and, accordingly, the direction and effectiveness of their actions.
  Since this article is focused mainly on considering the nature of individuals with the highest degree of creativity, in so far as we should turn to their characteristic features, as well as we will also try to identify the causes of painful deviations in persons with the highest degree of creativity.
  III
  We note right away that the individuals with the highest degree of creativity, from whom geniuses is obtained, are interested in combinatorics only secondarily, since they are aimed, as a rule, at obtaining fundamentally new, that is, unobvious knowledge, which, moreover, does not just add something to known, but overturns the entire system of knowledge or vision of problems in one way or another, while combinatorics is not capable of discovering what is absent in nature and social consciousness, since it operates only with the creation of a different combination of known objects and processes.
  There is no doubt that a genius must have a complicated or unusual brain structure, a corresponding education and a set of knowledge, a steel will and the ability to express himself under a favorable coincidence of circumstances or with an appropriate public query.
  The goal of such creative person as a genius is not just to gain non-obvious knowledge that is available, for example, to inventors, but this goal can only be large-scale projects that combine what previously seemed incompatible.
  This process can be provided by no means a logical-formalized approach, which is also used by artificial intellect who has no consciousness at all, but only insight (intuition) can provide it. Logic, intelect, that is, the analytic and synthetic properties of the brain, only help prepare for insight and systematize the results of insight with their corresponding framing.
  Therefore, a genius, if he really wants not just to improve, but to reverse the existing approaches to reality, willy-nilly must turn to intuition in his striving for the new, that is, like animals, he must use the immense memory field of own natural consciousness, but unlike them, he can dive into this field, keeping in mind a specific assignment in order to get "elements of structure" from there. He imagines this assignment in the form of a goal, and the goal can appear only on the basis of self-consciousness.
  All this means that in the presence of the above features - from the corresponding brain structure to favorable conditions for working, without which a high degree of creativity cannot appear, it is not capable also arise without a high level of the natural consciousness, a high degree of dissatisfaction of which creates an incentive to change the environments into the individual's desire for a more comfortable existence. And this form of consciousness in this kind of person dominates, and its degeneration into ordinary egoism is prevented by an high level of self-consciousness, which contributes not only to the formulation of a goal and the ordering of the data obtained in a logically understandable for others, but self-consciousness also requires to extend what has been achieved to everyone, since the individual with a fairly high level of self-awareness are also concerned with the state of society which he strives to provide the fruits of their labor.
  Similar combination of both forms of consciousness presupposes the concentration of creative people precisely on the process that captivates them, and not on its result, which is just a pragmatic outcome of work.
  Therefore, in this process of finding something new, the manifestation of natural consciousness in its striving for the new prevails, which is only supported by the project-target component of self-consciousness.
  So, a random combination of genes or the mutations in them can give a brain structure during human development that will allow, for example, to determine the subtlest shades of sound combinations, creating unusual melodies on this basis, which is a prerequisite for any composer, but this random combination of genes, naturally, cannot be passed on to the descendants of this composer. Therefore, the likelihood of genius composers having equally genius children - composers - is close to zero.
  In the same way, for the artist the important features of those parts of the brain, which may give him unique ideas about shades of light, perspective, etc., for the poet - subtle shades of sense-figurative reflection of reality, for the inventor - increased ability to highlight and create unusual combinations of surrounding and model on their basis of new devices of one type or another.
  In other words, these sections of the brain are that part of the biological computer (human intellect) that processes information from the senses, while producing an increased expenditure of energy for creative activity. In geniuses, these parts of the brain are the most developed and therefore the energy costs during their work are the maximum possible.
  But nothing is given for free. The intensive functioning of some parts of the brain, naturally, cannot but detriment to other parts of the brain, in particular, impoverishing them in terms of energy expenditures.
  In addition, the scale, which is necessarily expressed in the work of a genius, unlike, for example, talent, is ensured by the fact that to solve the tasks, that is, to obtain and process information, geniuses are able to use a significant part of the body's 150 billion neurons, and not only 11-19 billion brain neurons in the process of insight.
  This method of attracting all possible informational reserves of the body also cannot but contribute to the depletion of information support for other functions of the body, producing certain deviations from the norm in the development and functioning of the organism of an individual with an increased degree of creativity during his creative efforts.
  However, as we have already shown, the root cause of the emergence of the highest degree of creativity lies not simply in the effective processing of information by the biological computer of a given individual, that is, by his intellect. This intellect is just a supplier of information for the aggregate consciousness of the individual, which represents a combination of the natural consciousness and self-consciousness, which in the usual mode solve opposite problems: the natural consciousness solves the problems of survival, and self-consciousness - basically. the problems of harmonizing the life of an individual in a community of others subjects of action. And this is the norm for ordinary people.
  In contrast to this norm for philistines, any genius reveals the property, in moments of insight, to unite the aspirations of his natural consciousness and self-awareness, coupled with the entire volume of information from memory and current information provided to him by the intellect (biological computer) with certain unique characteristics of individual sections of the brain.
  This kind of resonance of the natural consciousness and self-consciousness, based on the optimal use of one's unique intellect, is possible only in one case - if the natural consciousness manifests itself at the highest possible level, and the level of self-consciousness manifestation is also high enough to keep the aspirations of the natural consciousness within the framework of the set large-scale goal.
  In this case, the genius, as it were, instinctively deceives own natural consciousness. With his intentions, he shows his natural consciousness the opportunity to significantly improve the position in the occupied life niche, which in general corresponds to reality, but he really means only the achievement of his own specific goal.
  As a result, the natural consciousness in these moments of insight provides the genius with the opportunity to perceive, if, of course, het will not disconnect from the ongoing process for one reason or another, the information he needs, stored in the deep memory of the organism, accumulated over hundreds of millions of years of existence of living organisms, and after that it is realized to process the obtained material for social consumption, which also requires sufficiently high level of self-consciousness.
  Similar high level of manifestation of self-consciousness also prevents the transformation of individuals with outstanding abilities into monsters, that is, does not allow them to focus on the absolutization of the exclusivity of their personality as a consequence of the egocentricity of the natural consciousness, and it makes sense to note that a decrease in the level of manifestation of self-consciousness while maintaining sufficiently high level of the natural consciousness leads the individual to the desire to dominate others, which is expressed in the desire to command, and subsequent decrease in the level of manifestation of self-consciousness forces a person to openly reject the established norms of community, using public goods without any return, the extreme expression of which is criminality.
  If we return to individuals with an increased degree of creativity, it should be noted that the one who copes with the solution of the problem of intuitive perception of the necessary information and its adequate processing, receiving a large-scale and unobvious result for all others, sooner or later is recognized by society as a genius due to the fundamental nature of positive changes, brought into the life of society thanks to his labor.
  Thus, a complicated or unusual brain structure, an appropriate education and a set of special knowledge, a steel will and the ability to act under a sufficiently favorable coincidence of circumstances or with an appropriate public request are necessary, but not sufficient conditions for the manifestation of the highest possible degree of creativity with appropriate results. This is what history demonstrates to us: millions of people had or have all these properties in aggregate, but in the entire history of civilization were manifested hardly more than a few thousand geniuses, that is, persons who have made radical revolutions in the minds of people by their discoveries or achievements,
  More details about genius are described in the work "What is the mystery of genius, still unsolved?" [3].
  So, the resonance of the natural consciousness and self-consciousness on the basis of the specific work of the biological computer of an individual in moments of insight leads to an overly intensive use of all the body's energy reserves to the detriment of its basic functioning, and frequent and deep immersion in the sphere of the subconscious can lead to uncontrolled behavior, depression and death.
  Regular penetration into the realm of the subconscious (insight for researchers or inspiration for art workers), that is, immersion in the boundless information bases of the natural consciousness, automatically brings this individual into contact with ancient instincts, up to the instincts of reptiles, which can quite often and in ordinary life to continue to own an individual with an increased degree of creativity, representing him before society not completely normal, or rather, not from this world (Lermontov, Van Gogh, Vrubel), inclined to recklessness or extravagance (Beethoven, Sergei Yesenin) or promiscuous and numerous sexual relationships (Alexander Pushkin, Rafael Santi), rather quickly depleting the body, or vice versa, in order to save energy with a sound mind, forcing a creative individual to avoid contact with women, to reduce level of communication (loneliness), which can prolong life in a relatively good state of health, but inevitably leads to misanthropy and ultimately to dementia (Immanuel Kant, Johann Sebastian Bach).
  Thus, all these factors in aggregate, reflecting primarily on the psyche, are the cause of the disruption of the adjusted work of human consciousness and, accordingly, the functioning of the body, which, depending on the duration and regularity of their impact, leads to various mental deviations, for example, schizophrenia and megalomania (Friedrich Nietzsche); disadvantage of energy for the functioning of the main internal organs of the body can lead to their degradation(Blaise Pascal, Ludwig Beethoven); early immersion in intense creativity can affect growth (Ludwig Beethoven - 162 cm, Mozart - 163 cm) or deformation of certain parts of the body (early baldness and stoop of Mikhail Lermontov), chronic pain and mental disorders throughout life (Nikolai Gogol, Friedrich Nietzsche, Ludwig Beethoven).
  Below, on a few examples of the most outstanding creators of the new is shown in more details the connection of their painful deviations with an intense creative process that is not typical for ordinary people, since it is impossible to stifle completely the raging ancient instincts of the natural consciousness that are perceived by persons with a high degree of creativity at the aspiration to obtain fundamentally new knowledge due to systematical penetration in this sphere of own consciousness. In addition, the manifestation of the natural consciousness in them is such that the level of self-consciousness available in them is not enough to force these creative persons to abandon their creative activity, which, along with new knowledge and discoveries produces exhaustion of the organism, neither by education, nor exhortations, nor punishment.
  We can even say that a high degree of creativity, generating along with that regardless of the will of its carriers obvious painful deviations or simply a rapid depletion of the organism, distinguishes almost all really great and original thinkers, discoverers and artists in their findings from less talented scientists and artists, as well as from imitators and false authorities, which have, in general, not bad health major part of life.
  You will say: but there are many famous figures of science and art, finally, Nobel and other laureates of various prizes, recognized as outstanding creators of the new, who had or have good health, psyche, and excellent external appearance.
  The explanation for this seeming misunderstanding is as follows.
  The fact is that such famous or gor having degrees and titles quite healthy most of his life persons either did not undertake intensive creative efforts during their lives, working, for example, only in the field of combinatorics; either these efforts were rare or short-lived; or their talent was not enough to create masterpieces; either they were good imitators of creative activity, especially if they managed to cling to really creative people or just rob them, especially since true greatness is determined only in a rather distant historical perspective, and in the present can prevail commercial calculation, envy, artificial exaggeration the merits of some and the belittling of the achievements of others, in particular, due to the usual conjuncture, etc.
  In addition, quite a lot of creative people, having declared themselves well once or twice, for various reasons lose their creative fervor, but they cannot forget what inimitable sensations they were being received in the process of insight. Therefore, they try to use liquor or drugs as a substitute, becoming alcoholics or even committing suicide. Such were the American writers: O Henry, Ernest Hemingway, Scott Fitzgerald, and the Russian composer Mussorgsky.
  
  IV
  
  Blaise Pascal (1623-1662)
  The brilliant mathematician, physicist, and mechanic who discovered the basic law of hydrostatics and laid the foundations of mathematical analysis, probability theory, and projective geometry, Blaise Pascal, as a child, was not just an active, curious, and healthy child, but also - extremely gifted, and all his remarkable inclinations were strongly supported by a wealthy father.
  His sister says about it this way: "As soon as my brother reached the age when it was possible to talk to him, he began to show an extraordinary mind - with short answers, very accurate, and even more - with questions about the nature of things ... as he became matured, and the power of his reasoning increased ..." [4, p. 5]. Confirmation of these words of Pascal's sister is that at the age of 16 he developed a new approach to conical sections, which became the forerunner of projective geometry, and at the age of 19 he invented a calculating machine - a prototype of a modern adding machine.
  However, the intensity of the activity of his consciousness, which led from an early age to the formation of new and original ideas in him, began to affect his health, starting from the age of 18. As his sister notes: "... it began to deteriorate as soon as he reached the age of eighteen ... [ibid, p. 11]; ...and he used to tell us that from the age of eighteen he had not had a day without suffering. These ailments were of different severity, and as soon as they gave him a break, his mind immediately rushed in search of something new [ibid, p. 12]; ... his ailments (at the age of 24) kept increasing, and it got to the point that he could not swallow any liquid if it was not warmed up, and then only drop by drop ... ... in addition, he suffered from unbearable headaches, inflammation of the intestines and many others ailments ..." [ibid, p. 16-17].
  Reasonably interesting, that as soon as, at about the age of thirty, he tried to seclude and move away from research studies, recognizing them as sinful, at the same time giving up pleasures and excesses, his health dramatically improved, which was also facilitated his chastity: "... he so honored this virtue that he was constantly on his guard, trying to prevent her from being offended in any way, whether in himself or in others" [ibid., p. 42].
  Nevertheless, the serious damage to Pascal's health, caused earlier, was the reason for doctors to forbid him to return to scientific work.
  But despite all Pascal's attempts to comply with this regime, nothing came of it. He carried out fundamental research on the cycloid, which later influenced the creation of differential and integral calculus, developed a method of travel in multi-seat carriages (hereinafter omnibuses), and also wrote a treatise on a person, the reasons for things and faith, which made him also a great writer.
  All these investigations ruined his organism finally and at the age of 39, Pascal died.
  His niece writes: "After the death of Mr. Pascal, his body was opened and it was found that his stomach and liver were shriveled, and his intestines were in gangrene ..." [ibid, p. 76].
  Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
  One of the founders of classical physics, mathematician and mechanic, the English scientist Isaac Newton, from childhood showed an extraordinary talent for technology and science. He was born into a wealthy family, his mother and uncle (father died) sent Newton to study at the University of Cambridge.
  Back in his student years, he made a mathematical discovery: binomial expansion. At 23, he proved that white light is a mixture of colors of the spectrum, and then he discovered the law of universal gravitation. In 1671, the reflector telescope developed by Newton was demonstrated.
  In 1686, in the book "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy", Newton introduced the concepts of mass, force, momentum and formulated three basic laws of mechanics. In 1707, he became the founder of a new mathematical discipline - numerical analysis.
  Newton never married, as he believed it would distract him from his scientific pursuits.
  "Until 1689, he was a pronounced hypochondriac and at the same time - a skilled healer, instantly extinguishing his real or imaginary diseases. His health was excellent" [5, p. 248].
  From 1691 the first signs of a mental disorder appeared: "He felt terrible anxiety; the dream was gone, the work was not getting along fine. It seemed to him that they want to kill him, they want to plunder his laboratory, to steal his works ... At times it seemed to him that he was going crazy. However, it seemed not to him alone. In Huygens's diary, there is the following entry: "On May 29, 1694 - M. Colin, a Scotsman, informed me that 18 months ago the famous geometer Isaac Newton fell into madness due to intensive studies or excessive grief from loss due to fire of the chemical laboratory and several manuscripts ... He was immediately taken into the care of his friends, who locked him in the house and treated him, so that at present he has recovered his health so much that he began to understand own "Mathematical Principles" [ibid, p. 254]. ...End of 1692: apathy, drowsiness alternating with excruciating insomnia. The beginning of 1693 is a deep melancholy, incoherence of thoughts" [ibid., P. 256-257].
  "... in one of the letters, dated September 13, 1693, he himself declares that he has lost "the connection of his thoughts". In this letter addressed to Pepys, Newton shows all the signs of a serious mental illness: incoherence of thoughts, unnatural suspicion, extraordinary blues and hostility towards people who have done nothing wrong to him" [6, p. 146].
  "After age 50, psychosis develops with incoherent speech, depression, paranoid features and ideas of persecution. His work "Chronology" indicates the existence of psychotic symptoms in the author" [7, p. 175].
  Newton died in 1727: "Death occurred in a state of senile dementia" [8, p. 552].
  Some researchers state the following: "... suffered from a severe schizophrenic disorder, and as analysis shows, in its very laws one can find traces of schizophrenic schizis" [9, p. 127].
  Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
  Nietzsche is an original thinker, a subverter - and in many respects rightly - of the foundations of religion and morality of bourgeois society, who influenced greatly subsequent development of the culture socium.
  Undoubtedly, he discovered and described in his works in an aphoristic form new and unobvious facts and relationships between people, criticizing the existing connections in society.
  Similar in-depth creative approach to research from an early age could not but demand from him both an enormous expenditure of energy, and contributed to his contact in moments of inspiration with ancient instincts that could well have bare, and, indeed, eventually bared themselves, having replaced his self-consciousness, and having made him insane.
  Already at the age of 27, Nietzsche, being a professor of classical philology at the University of Basel, asks for temporary leave for treatment due to deteriorating health (stomach pain and sleeplessness) [10, p. 816].
  In 1873, there was a sharp deterioration in vision, up to the inability to write [ibid., p. 818]. In February 1874, the beginning of the psychoneurotic process manifested itself in the form of depression [ibid., p. 818]. In 1875, problems with the stomach (vomiting), eyes appeared again, and headache recurred [ibid., p. 819]. In January 1876, an exemption from teaching follows. As Nietzsche himself writes, "My headaches are aggravated by lectures. I can neither write nor read" [ibid., p. 819]. In 1877, a sharp deterioration in his condition again, forcing Nietzsche to go for treatment [ibid., p. 820]. From the beginning of 1879, constant bouts of illness began, accompanied by continuous vomiting, which led Nietzsche to a request for resignation for health reasons [ibid., p. 820]. From the beginning of the autumn of 1881 again a sharp deterioration in health: "I got to the point of despair. Pain conquers the will to live" [ibid., p. 821]. In 1882 and 1883, his condition did not improve. In 1885, Nietzsche writes: "The eyes are getting worse and worse ... Eternal attacks, vomiting after vomiting ..." [ibid., p. 823]. In 1888 he writes: "Eternal headache, eternal vomiting, recurrence of all old sores, deep nervous exhaustion ..." [ibid., p. 825]. Finally, on January 3, 1889, Nietzsche suffered an apoplectic blow and final darkening. From the records of the medical history of a psychiatric hospital: "Quite often emits uncommon cries. Takes the gatekeeper for Bismarck... Jumps in a goat way, grimaces and bulges his left shoulder... From time to time, a clear awareness of own illness... Almost always sleeps on the floor by his bed" [ibid., p. 826].
  Nietzsche lived in this state for another ten years. In 1900 his death occurred [ibid., p. 827].
  In addition to the permanently painful state of health of Nietzsche, starting at the age of 27, his masochism was noted. In particular, his close acquaintance and even some time fiancée Lou von Salome wrote about this: "Since cruel people are always masochists, the whole is associated with a certain kind of bisexuality. And this conceals a deep meaning. The first person I ever discussed this topic with was Nietzsche (this sadomasochist in relation to himself)..." [ibid., p. 822].
  If we turn to the works of Nietzsche, then we can note another mental deviation of him - the mania of greatness. This is visible even from the names of some of his works: "Why am I so wise" [ibid., p. 698]; "Why am I so smart" [ibid., p. 708]; "Why I Am Rock" [ibid., p. 762].
  
  Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol (1809-1852)
  Gogol, the acknowledged founder of all Russian literature, is more than a great writer of all times. In ways unknown to us, he revealed the true persona of a person in his relationships with other people, having shown how far he is from at least some decency, except for the external.
  In part, for this reason, Gogol faced insurmountable difficulties in determining at least some dominant positive traits in a person when he was trying to identify the positive heroes of his time.
  Similar truly realistic picture of human society could not fail to lead many significant writers of the next generation to a similarly pessimistic view of man in society.
  Nikolai Gogol in his youth was a rather dense and lively representative of one of the suburbs of Russia (now it is called Ukraine), but the first years of his literary work, when with the incredible effort of his genius, he has bared the entire underside of the life of the Russian Empire in the comedy "The Inspector General", have influenced him so negatively that he was forced to go abroad to improve his health, and, if possible, start working there on "Dead Souls". And then he was only 27 years old.
  He himself, in a letter to V. A. Zhukovsky from Paris in November 1836, noted: "And I became terribly bored. I was not amused by my "Dead Souls", I didn"t even have so much gaiety left to continue them. My doctor found in me the signs of hypochondria, originating from hemorrhoids, and advised me to entertain myself ... [11, p. 202]; ... my stomach is disgusting to an impossible degree and resolutely refuses to digest, although now I eat very moderately ..." [ibid, p. 213].
  In addition, as noted Gogol's acquaintance Zolotarev I.F., "I sometimes found a kind of tetanus on him: in the midst of a lively, cheerful conversation, suddenly he would stop talking, and you won"t get a word from him" [ibid. 215].
  Gogol continued to compose "Dead Souls", to treat himself and to be distracted on his trains across Europe, but his illnesses did not subside, but only developed even more strongly.
  For example, in a letter to M. P. Pogodin in 1840, Gogol points out: "The nervous breakdown and irritation grew terribly; the heaviness in my chest and pressure, which I had never experienced before, intensified ... ... this was joined by a painful longing, which has no description ... ... I understood my position and hastily, mustering my strength, scribbled, as best I could, a skinny spiritual testament so that at least debts mine would be paid immediately after my death" [ibid, p. 279].
  Three years later, Gogol again notes in a letter to N. M. Yazykov: "I am overwhelmed with various ailments, all the more unbearable for me because they induce anguish, melancholy and interfere with how to work" [ibid, p. 362]. V. A. Zhukovsky in 1845 confirmed Gogol's complaints about his health as follows: "Gogol's health requires decisive measures; he needs to deal with it exclusively, having thrown down the pen ..." [ibid, p. 378].
  Gogol himself in 1845 states: "My illness is a natural course: it is an exhaustion of strength" [ibid., p. 380]. In 1846, he reported to A. P. Tolstoy: "A small wind makes me sweat and shiver" [ibid., p. 393]. In 1850, Gogol again reported to N. Ya. Prokopovich: "Since the new year, I have been attacked by various ailments. I am ill and ill" [ibid., p. 472].
  In 1851, shortly before the death of Gogol, I. S., Turgenev, having seen Gogol at friends, has noted the following: "At that time (1841) he looked squat and dense Little Russian; now he seemed thin and weary... some lingering pain and anxiety, some sad worry was mixed into the constantly insightful expression of his face" [ibid., c. 522].
  Before his death, Gogol, as N. P. Pogodin writes, "... rejected any allowance, said nothing and almost did not take food ... No persuasions acted" [ibid. c. 557]. Upon examination, the patient was diagnosed with "Gastrointestinal inflammation due to exhaustion" [ibid, p. 565].
  In turn, Dr. N. N. Bazhenov has noted in 1902: "During 15-20 years of his life he suffered from the form of mental illness, which in our science is called periodic psychosis in the form of so-called melancholy ... He died during an attack of periodic melancholy from exhaustion and acute anemia of the brain caused by the very form of the disease - the accompanying starvation and the associated rapid decline in nutrition and strength ..." [ibid. c. 566].
  Aware of the constant decline of forces, especially accelerated in the last years of his life, Gogol tried to strengthen himself with religion, which, for example, Pascal did in a similar situation (see above). However, he did not succeed, apparently due to his neurasthenia and hypochondria.
  Devastated by failures in his creative work, which consisted his entire life, Gogol, using the fast, quite deliberately killed himself, stating in this regard: "How sweet it is to die!" [ibid, p. 563].
  Thus, both Gogol's chastity and his constant treatment did not help him, like Pascal, to get rid of the ever-increasing decay of a previously healthy organism, which had brought him to his grave at the age of 42.
  More or less organic explanation for such a fatal process both for Pascal and for Gogol lies in their intensive creative work, in which their genius found food for himself in finds that were not obvious to ordinary scientists and writers by immersing himself in the inexhaustible sea of his own natural consciousness, which, alas, with regular use it carries in itself, on the one hand, the destructive forces of ancient instincts, and on the other hand, it takes away energy for the normal functioning of the main organs of the body.
  Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy (1828-1910)
  Leo Tolstoy was an innovator in many of his works, both in form and in content, in his attempt to embrace the entire immense world of human relations. He even tried to penetrate into philosophy and religion, though not entirely successfully. However, his idea of Christian (non-violent) anarchism is quite original.
  Fundamentally new ideas, if you try to find them throughout your life, often give some success to their authors and can even have an impact on the life of the entire world community, but, as we have already indicated above, these non-obvious ideas do not come from the air or from books, as well as they come from not only from the personal experience of their author with all his t giftedness. They are largely drawn from his subconscious, into which you still need to enter and be able to get out of it with "prey", for which also a certain goal-oriented of the author's self-consciousness is required, which can sometimes create a kind of resonance of the natural consciousness and self-consciousness when they fully coincide in the course of solving the task. These factors, as well as the relevant experience and training, sufficient education and upbringing, as well as external favorable or, conversely, unfavorable, but stimulating conditions to address this task can lead to the acquisition of non-obvious knowledge in a satisfactory form.
  Such important and not always achievable factors and circumstances contribute to the fact that of the hundreds of millions of educated and intelligent people who have lived and live now on Earth, very few reach the peak of creativity.
  However, the achievement of non-obvious knowledge with such expenditures of physical and mental energy does not pass without a trace and entail certain losses.
  They were also mentioned above, and these energy losses and immersion in the world of ancient inhuman instincts inevitably leave their imprint on both the physiology and the mental structure of a person, especially since the intellect, which is an internal computer, that controls the functioning of the human organism, can already manage by functioning of the organism with greats difficulties, being distracted by solving other tasks.
  In particular, Leo Tolstoy could not help but experience this kind of troubles.
  The psychiatrist Rossolimo gave him the following diagnosis: "Degenerative double Constitution: paranoid and hysterical with the predominance of the first" [12].
  Doctor Makovitsky reported that "faints happens to Lev Nikolaevich already for a year and a half usually at six-week intervals, but there were three, five, eight weeks" [13].
  Modern psychologists even believe that Tolstoy's work was largely influenced by his illness: "Tolstoy's work is essentially epileptoidically written autobiographies in artistic images. His realism concerns mainly the psychologism and physiology of a person: descriptions of nature remain in the background, satire and humor are absent altogether, and in the foreground there is always the tension of the spiritual conflicts of the heroes ... Tolstoy is inclined to lecture his readers in the tone of a preacher and a moralist. He also wants to "save the world" and remake it for the better. To utter unshakable truths in the form of the sermon for mankind is a symptom of the "sacred disease of epilepsy" known to psychiatrists for a long time [ibid.].
  However, in our opinion, it was not the illness that influenced the work of Leo Tolstoy, but on the contrary, the high working intensity and regular discoveries in the field of the human psyche, which he extracted from his own subconscious, and this process gradually depleted Tolstoy's organism, causing him the features of an epileptoid psyche, which only to the end of his life would be manifested in the form of moralizing.
  If such mental deviations really influenced the creative process, then there would be many writers like " Leo Tolstoy", but only one world-scale writer appeared - Fyodor Dostoevsky, who was equally gifted and knew how to bring into resonance his natural consciousness and self-consciousness, receiving thereby the corresponding literary results, and receiving at the same time, as you know, an unhealthy psyche.
  
  Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov (1814 1841)
  The genius poet, Lermontov, gave the world unsurpassed masterpieces of poetic soulful lyrics, taking the soul of everyone who came into contact with it. We cannot find out how he achieved such warmth or tragedy in the extraordinary harmony of rhythmic stanzas, but one thing is clear that from an early age he was able to penetrate the boundless of his own subconscious memory, drawing from there, for his own reasons, all the splendor of world harmony and passions of all the contradictions of beingness.
  Two poems serve as proof that he came into contact with the transcendent in an amazing way at a very early age.
  He wrote the first at the age of 15. And it can only be surprised: "Beggar".
  The world still admires and will admire while it exists by the unsurpassed stanzas of Lermontov, sketched by him on paper at the age of 17: "The sail".
  You can easily find both poems on the Interne in one or another translationt.
  If Lermontov's father was beautifully built and unusually handsome, then his son, on the contrary, having reached adulthood, turned out to be short, stooped, bow-legged, with a disproportionately large head, was overweight and already at the age of twenty began to go bald.
  Excellent education, lofty dreams, extraordinary talent, which manifested itself from a young age and the mediocre, limited and even vile surrounding of Lermontov, who, in fact, admired Pushkin alone, and was very grieving upon learning of his death, on the one hand, made him despise and not even to respect his surroundings, which was expressed in continuous mockery of his acquaintances, on the other hand, persuaded him to delve into literary work, in which he reached unimaginable perfection.
  But nothing is given for free, and the energy that Lermontov spent on creativity from a young age fatally influenced his appearance - caricatured compared to his handsome father, which in turn made him even more nervous, unsociable, often angry, despising everything and everyone.
  The obvious disdain expressed by him to surrounding, personal courage in battles in the Caucasus aroused at a lot of people around him to the poet envy and hatred, that deeply hurt him, but he did not change his " outrageous" behavior in the eyes of philistines and high society.
  The nature in the Caucasus and the wild mountaineers provided additional food for his new magnificent poems.
  However, the poet's low-grade surrounding, the hatred of his own superiors towards him, the lack of prospects and his nervous character, reflected in the poem "The Demon", in which a proud soul alienates the world from itself, despising it, an unsatisfied search for ideals, as well as the devastation of its own consciousness with huge expenditures of energy the identification of original poetic finds, led him in the end to complete indifference to his fate.
  And at twenty-seven, he, as usual, contemptuously treated his unlucky friend, and without regretting anything, put chest under bullet in a duel.
  In this way. significant expenditures of energy on creativity affected the poet's unassuming appearance, that in its turn significantly influenced his mood, and the very dull time in barracks Russia, in which the poet found himself, forced him eventually not to resist the transition to another world, where, as he believed, he would at least not worse.
  Heinrich Heine (1797-1856)
  The great romantic, marked for his poetic genius undoubtedly, Heine has created completely airy, lyrical and at the same time deep in content works that invariably touch readers, which is not so often.
  For example, find and read in a good translation his poem: "Would like in a single word ...".
  Alas, inspired poetic insights in such a transparent and majestic form are not given for free.
  Therefore, we will simply give a brief description what the high intensity of his magnificent creativities brought for Heine.
  "Headaches began to haunt Heinrich Heine in his youth ... ...treating migraine he had to go to resorts.
  During one of such trips, in 1832, in Normandy, the first symptoms of the disease that would accompany Heine for the next quarter of a century, until his death, made themselves felt.
  Suddenly, two fingers on the left hand stopped obeying (signs of paresis - a neurological syndrome with damage to the motor path of the nervous system). Then, the disease has receded, but already in 1837 poet complained that his left arm was paralyzed to the elbow, "it dries more and more every day, and soon, apparently, it will wither away completely".
  At about the same time, Heinrich Heine begins to see worse, signs of diplopia (double vision) appear, pseudobulbar syndrome - a disorder of the central nervous system due to damage to the medulla oblongata.
  By 1842, headaches were already inextricably pursuing Heine, his left eye was completely closed, and with his right he was forced to read only through a magnifying glass. February 1845 - paralysis of the facial nerve, paresis of the masticatory muscles.
  Spring 1848: after visiting the Louvre, the poet's legs gave out, he was delivered home on a stretcher. Starting in the summer of that year, he no longer got out of bed until the end of his life ..." [14].
  
  Isaac Levitan (1860-1900)
  Levitan created landscapes so unusual in their living beauty that they cannot be compared with the most perfect photographs, and few people managed to come closer to such divine beauty on a simple canvas (paintings "Birch Grove", "Lilies").
  His sense of changeable reflections from nature, adequately reflected by him on canvases, which also carried a semantic load, made him an absolute genius of landscapes.
  Here is one of the responses to Levitan's work: "The airy picture depicting the Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery in the dusk light was discussed by the entire intellectual Moscow. Impressed by the work of Levitan, the poet Nikolai Rubtsov wrote a poem, and Anton Chekhov described a canvas in the story "Three Years": "In the foreground there is a river, across it a log bridge, on the other side a path, disappearing into the dark grass ... And in the distance the evening dusk is burning out. And for some reason it began to seem that she had seen these very clouds, and the forest, and the field for a long time and many times, and she wanted to walk, walk and walk along the path, and there where the evening dusk, was, the reflection of something unearthly rested, eternal, ocean of pure joy and unclouded bliss" [15].
  Like any real genius, in full swing of his creative successes, diseases suddenly have appeared.
  In the mid-1880s, his heart disease worsened, and he went to the Crimea for treatment. In 1896, the symptoms of a heart aneurysm increased. A. P. Chekhov, who, as a doctor, examined Levitan, notes in his diary: "I listened to Levitan. It's bad. His heart isn't pounding, it's blowing. Instead of the sound of tuk-tuk, is heard a pf-tuk .... At Levitan, the expansion of the aorta. He wears clay on his chest." In 1899, he again went to Yalta for treatment, but to no avail. At the end of May 1900, Levitan caught a cold and died a month later [ibid].
  Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890)
  Only at the age of 27 - in the early 1880s - the Dutchman Van Gogh became interested in painting. He studied for a long time, mostly on his own, and finally found an original solution to the perception of reality through the human figure.
  In 1896, Van Gogh moved to Paris, where he continued to study painting, in particular, becoming interested in impressionism and Japanese prints. Along with that he continued to paint.
  Moving to Arles in 1888, Van Gogh most fully expressed himself in new intense art forms, spiritualized and intense in color, thereby having a significant impact on all subsequent painting.
  By that time, intensive work with many magnificent and original finds had a negative impact on Van Gogh.
  His psyche was significantly disturbed. In Arles in 1888, he attacked his friend Gauguin with a razor, and was subsequently committed to a psychiatric hospital, where the seizure repeated, and he was placed in a ward for violent patients with a diagnosis of "the temporal lobe epilepsy".
  After being discharged from the hospital, his psyche never returned to normal: he suffered from insomnia, hallucinations, and delusions of persecution.
  Van Gogh tried to heal in the hospital in Saint-Remy, but he still had fits of rampage at times. He realized that the disease had become uncontrollable and in the summer of 1890 he shot himself. His last words: "Sadness will last forever" [16].
  
  Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827)
  The brilliant symphonist, author of wonderful and surprisingly melodic sonatas and concerts, Ludwig Beethoven was a completely healthy child, but from childhood he showed an extraordinary talent for composing musical compositions. At the age of 12, he began writing his first compositions, and at a young age he created a new piano style using massive chord harmonies, which manifested itself in the extraordinary sound of the Pathetique and Moonlight Sonatas, and them he composed when he was not 30 years old.
  At the age of 26, he began to lose his hearing and this process continued for almost 20 years. In addition, he remained short (162 cm). When he turned 41, he began to suffer from fever and headaches. The disease dragged on for another year and recurred more than once until 1827.
  Chronic abdominal pains have accompanied him for 30 years, numerously leading to thoughts of suicide, which allowed modern psychiatrists to assume that he has suffered from bipolar mental disorder. This circumstance also confirms the transformation of a cheerful young man into a malevolent and sloppy misanthrope, about what he himself wrote in his "Heiligenstadt testament" [17].
   In the last years of his life, his health deteriorated further due to severe liver disease, as a result of which he died in March 1827.
  We have to admit that the intensity of his creative activity, expressed in the creation of great musical works, rather quickly turned a young and healthy person into a character weighed down with many diseases with a bad character and a disordered psyche.
  Therefore, it can also serve as a completely satisfactory example of the danger of a high degree of creativity, the reasons for which are set out above.
  Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)
  Mozart has appeared to the world as a genius composer, who achieved extraordinary results in almost all areas of musical composition.
  His approach to music was very successful for him: his father was a violinist and composer in Salzburg, Mozart himself was an unusually gifted child musically, and already at the age of three he learned to select consonances. At the age of five he was composing small pieces, at the age of nine he composed the symphony and several sonatas. By the age of seventeen, Mozart composed 4 operas, 13 symphonies, 24 sonatas.
  Finally, at the age of 25, Mozart composed one of his best operas "Abduction from the Seraglio", and at the age of 27 - the magnificent Symphony No. 36, began composing 6 quartets and completed this work on these groundbreaking works in two years. In 1785 he wrote the famous opera "The Marriage of Figaro", and in 1787 - the opera "Don Giovanni". In 1788 Mozart composed three of his unusually melodic and mysterious symphonies: 39, 40, 41. In the last year of his life, he composed the opera "The Magic Flute" and the famous "Requiem".
  Such creative work of such a high intensity and such incomparable results could not affect both Mozart's health, starting from his youth, and the structure of his body: he was small in stature (163 cm), thin, ugly, suffered from chronic articular rheumatism, renal failure, he often had depressions and fainting. With such weakened health, it is not surprising that Mozart died of an infection that entered his body and caused pneumonia. He was only 36 years old [18, p. 560].
  In this respect, Mozart is not much different from Beethoven.
  Frederic Chopin (1810-1849)
  From the age of eight, Chopin gave concerts in Warsaw, where his first musical compositions have been published.
  At the age of 20, this genius of music composed two concertos, which are still considered unsurpassed masterpieces of this genius, and everyone who listens to them cannot but admire the novelty and unusual overflows of their musical fragments.
  He wrote many sonatas, fantasies, ballads, scherzos, nocturnes, preludes, mazurkas, waltzes, polonaises. And in all these creations, he achieved maximum expressiveness, brilliance of sound, passion, lyricism, which in all their fullness no one else has achieved until now.
  At one time, N.F. Soloviev appreciated the creations of Chopin as follows: "Chopin's music is full of courage, imagination and nowhere suffers from bizarre. If after Beethoven there was an era of novelty of style, then, of course, Chopin was one of the main representatives of this novelty. In everything Chopin wrote, in his wonderful musical contours a musician-poet is visible. This is noticeable in completed typical sketches, mazurkas, polonaises, nocturnes, etc., in which inspiration pours over the edge" [19].
  In accordance with the concept presented above, such a flow of intense creative activity from an early age could not but lead to a number of bodily and mental deviations.
  Chopin was small in stature, fragile and thin build.
  He suffered from epilepsy, which was often accompanied by visions. The chronic disease of his lungs was periodically aggravated. Apparently, it was tuberculosis, from which he died quite early, at the age of 39, [20].
  Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)
  The brilliant Austrian composer Haydn, who laid the foundations for the symphony and string quartet, showed his outstanding musical abilities at the age of eight and in 1740 found himself in Vienna as a singer. In 1756 he wrote his first string quartets. By 1779, he had written several operas and over a hundred baritone trios. Later he wrote a large number of parts for string quartets and many symphonies, the number of which exceeds a hundred. He also composed several masses, oratorios and concerts, which are still performed today due to their unusually melodic sound.
  Such high creative load when creating works of a new order and sound should inevitably have left one or another imprint on his health or appearance.
  Indeed, for 30 years he was tormented by a chronic disease associated with deformation of the nasopharynx, repeatedly enduring complex and dangerous surgical operations. Haydn's condition periodically worsened and this terribly tormented him, especially since he had to breathe with his open mouth.
  Similar suffering made Haydn melancholic, and with old age, dizziness, swelling of the legs began, and an inability to concentrate began to manifest. In this state, he lived from 1803 for another six years and died in May 1809.
  Haydn was ugly and of low stature.
  Richard Wagner (1813-1883)
  The brilliant German composer Wagner was the greatest reformer of opera, organically merging music and dramatic action, and filling this fusion with wonderful melodies that cannot but cause delight.
  From the age of 15, Wagner began to comprehend music, which gave him the opportunity to first become a choirmaster, and then a conductor.
  In the early 40s, he wrote his famous opera "Flying Dutchman", and then the operas "The Rhine Gold", "Valkyrie", "Tristan and Isolde".
  In 1864 he composed first the opera "The Master-singers of Nuremberg", and then the operas "Siegfried" and "The Death of the Gods". His last opera, "Parsifal", was staged in 1882, and he died the following year.
  All these musical innovations, their theoretical justification had a very negative impact on the health and psyche of Wagner.
  All his life he was tormented by various painful attractions, including delusions of grandeur and delusional go, like hatred of Jews as oppressors of humanity and carriers of evil in their pursuit of gold.
  Here is what Thomas Mann says about Wagner's painful deviations in connection with his work: "The burden of this creativity rests on the shoulders by no means as hefty as the shoulders of St. Christopher, on the body is so frail both in external signs and in subjective sensations that no one would dare to assume that he would hold out for a long time and carry this burden to the intended goal. This is the personality, that is on the verge of exhaustion every minute, for which good health is a rare accident. At thirty, this man, suffering from constipation, melancholy, insomnia, possessed by all kinds of infirmities, is in such a state that he often sits down in despondency and cries for about a quarter of an hour. He is tormented by a nervous ailment - one of those illnesses, unrelatable of the precise definition, that exhaust a person for many years and threaten to make his life unbearable, although they are not "life-threatening". Their victims have good reason not to believe in this "non-danger", and Wagner in his letters more than once expresses his conviction that his death is near. At thirty he writes to his sister: "My nerves are finally shattered; perhaps a favorable change in the external conditions of life will be able to artificially postpone my death for several years; but it could have been successful only in relation to death itself - it can no longer delay my dying". This year: "I am sick with a severe nervous illness and after repeated attempts to achieve a radical cure I no longer hope for recovery ... My work is the only thing that supports me; but my brain nerves are so depleted that I can never work more than two hours a day, and even these two hours I gain only if after work I manage to lie down again for two hours and finally fall asleep for a while ... At the thirty-ninth year of his life, he writes to Liszt: "Every day I am getting closer to certain death; I live an indescribably despicable life. True enjoyment of life is completely unfamiliar to me; for me the enjoyment of life, love (this word is emphasized by him) exists only in my imagination, but not in my experience. That is why my heart had to move into my brain, by my life - to become completely artificial, only as a proponent of art, as an "artist" can I still live, the "artist" devoured within me a "person" [22].
  Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)
  Perhaps the greatest musician of all times and peoples, Johann Sebastian Bach is an unsurpassed author not only of organ works, but also of many works of orchestral and chamber music, as well as a number of vocal works.
  Bach was a healthy and strong man. Therefore, the creative tension affected him most of his life in the form of a riot, when he fought with his colleagues and insulted his students. However, by the end of his life, he began to become blind and for the last ten years of his life he actually lost touch with the outside world. "Two unsuccessful cataract surgeries resulted in complete blindness. About ten days before his death, Bach unexpectedly regained his sight, but then a blow happened to him, which brought him to the grave" [23 p, 98].
  Some other composers
  It is also appropriate, bearing in mind the connection between a high degree of creativity and painful deviations, to draw attention here to less famous composers, but still quite renowned and recognized as outstanding, although in comparison with Mozart or Beethoven, their works look rather pale, being stood out only occasionally, and even then for one taste or another.
  Such composers, for example, are N. A. Myaskovsky, M. Bruch, J. Sibelius. In all probability, despite their musical abilities, they did not succeed in the process of insight, and accordingly unusual and at the same time beautiful melodies, perceived by everyone as a miracle, they were not given with the rarest exceptions.
  The symphonies of the Soviet composer Myaskovsky N. A. are not comparable to the symphonies of Mozart or Beethoven. He lived quite a long life-69 years-without any special excesses.
  The German composer Max Bruch lived also a rather calm and long life, having died at 82. His works are rather melodic, but not accented and, as it were, unfinished, that is, he could not catch the bird of genius which manifests itself in the highest degree of originality and, at the same time, scale and non-obviousness.
  The Finnish composer Jan Sibelius lived for 92 years, composed 7 symphonies, but no matter how much music critics praises him, it is enough to listen to these works and compare them with Mozart's symphony Љ 41, then everything becomes clear.
  On the other hand, some composers succeeded in insights (the true inspiration), although not often, and they became famous, but even these few insights fatally affected their health.
  For example, the Austrian composer Gustav Mahler (1860-1911) composed many pieces of music throughout his life, but two symphonies turned out to be surprisingly melodic and original - the first and fifth, and partly - 3, 8 and 9.
  It was during the years of intensive work on these symphonies that he had the heart problems (1907), and after writing the Ninth Symphony in 1909 and finalizing the Eighth Symphony in 1910, he died in the spring of 1911 from inflammation of the inner lining of the heart.
  However, very few intense creative efforts usually do not cause significant damage to health.
  For example, the Soviet composer Dmitry Shostakovich (1906-1975) managed to create several magnificent works, of which the most outstanding and original composition was the fifth Symphony. He didn't manage to create anything equally outstanding. Therefore, despite the difficult vicissitudes of life, he lived a fairly long life and did not suffer from mental or other serious disorders.
  The Russian composer Alexander Glazunov (1865-1936) wrote many interesting musical compositions, but only the magnificent ballet "Raymonda", composed by him before the age of 30, was recognized as original and the most melodic. Apparently, regret about the insufficient and inept use of his own capabilities in creative activity led him to alcoholism.
  
  Conclusion
  
  The above examples are not so much curious in terms of the connection between creativity and diseases, but rather demonstrate that a high intensity of creative activity with a significant endowment of the individual leads not only to ingenious discoveries, but also to the appearance of significant painful deviations, the greater, the deeper and more often the thinker dives or the artist in the very process of creativity in the form of insight.
  This fact in itself certainly suggests the presence of some hidden reasons for the occurrence of such phenomenon.
  These reasons, emanating from the synchronous interaction of all three forms of consciousness - natural consciousness, intellect and self-consciousness, were discovered by us and described in detail above (section III).
  
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