Аннотация: Projection of eternity and lessons of psychological resistance. A note on chapters 1-4 of Nicholas Bogoslovskiy 's book "Turgenev."
Projection of eternity and lessons of psychological resistance. A note on chapters 1-4 of Nicholas Bogoslovskiy 's book "Turgenev."
In the book by Nicholas Bogoslovskiy "Turgenev" we meet several ambiguous psychological details. We offer our interpretation.
The center of the universe of the Turgenev family - the Spasskoye estate - was created by the native uncle of Varvara Petrovna Turgeneva (Lutovinova). Under the guidance of her uncle, Ivan Ivanovich Lutovinov, this estate was created.
'The alleys in the center of the new park intersected, forming the Roman numeral' XIX ', representing the century in which the Spasskoye estate appeared.
His founder himself had rested in the mausoleum, which he had erected for himself in the old cemetery shortly before his death ... '(Here and further - quotations from the book by Nicholas Bogoslovskiy 'Turgenev').
In this center of the universe and in this world, which seemed eternal (but in reality they weren't a such), Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev (1818 - 1883) would have drowned intellectually and emotionally. He could become one of the tens of thousands that have passed across this world without a trace ... And he would not have left either a clever thought or a genius work begun ...
But he was saved by his father, Sergei Nikolaevich Turgenev. 'Subsequently, Ivan Sergeyevich mentioned in an autobiography about an incident that had happened then with him in Bern and almost cost him his life. He nearly died ... [in] ... the pit, which contained the bears of the city menagerie; fortunately, his father managed to catch [to stop] him. '
Father, Sergei Nikolaevich, resisted in his own way. But, nevertheless, he taught a lesson in resistance to little Ivan Turgenev. '- Take, what you can to take, but don't give yourself into hands of other people; a belonging only to yourself is the main principle of life," - Sergei Nikolayevich once said to his son. "
Here is how the writer drew his relationship with his father in the novel 'First Love': 'My father had a strange influence - and our relations were strange. He hardly dealt with my upbringing, but he never insulted me; he respected my freedom - he was even, so to speak, polite to me ... only he didn't allow me to reach him [he didn't allow me to be more closer to him] [he didn't allow me to minimize distance between us]. I loved him, I admired him, he seemed to me a model of a man - and, my God, how passionately I would attach to him, if I did not feel constantly his deflecting hand! .. Sometimes, I'll begin to consider [to focuse at] his smart, beautiful, bright face ... my heart trembles, and my whole being rushes towards him ... he seems to feel what is happening in me, passing he will pat me on the cheek - and he will either leave or do something, or suddenly everything will freeze in him, as he alone could freeze, and immediately I will shrink and also become colder. "
In a strange way, little Ivan Sergeevich found himself not only the son of his mother-landowner, but also one of her many serfs.
'I have nothing to remember about my childhood,' - Turgenev later said. - "Not a single bright memory. I was afraid of mother like fire. I was punished for every trifle - in a word, I was musted [trained] like a recruit. A rare day passed without rods; when I dared to ask, what I was being punished for, my mother categorically declared: "You better know about this, guess."
If the father of the future writer, Sergei Nikolaevich, had life experience, skills, official position, rights for resist, then for the little boy there were only fear, feelings of helplessness and powerlessness.
The escape towards the pond, into the forest - in general, to nature - helped the future writer to fight fear and a sense of psychological discomfort.
At some point, the life of the landlord family, led by an autocratic woman, reached a logical point. What was hidden behind this turn - you can only guess.
The family, at first, moves [relocates] to Moscow. Next, the parents go abroad. And the children are placed in a boarding house. It seems that Ivan Sergeyevich did not leave any particularly unfavorable reviews about the boarding house ...
Since that time, Ivan Sergeyevich, apparently, feels himself more like a representative of the privileged layer and, to a lesser extent, like a serf peasant (although childhood memories have not disappeared).
Interesting details reappear.
Through his father, Sergei Nikolayevich, the future writer acquainted with Zagoskin, the author of the widely known in this period historical novel "Yuri Miloslavsky". [Karamzin's 'History' - 'Yuri Miloslavsky' by Zagoskin - 'Life for the Tsar' by Mussorgsky ... - the official culture is developing ...] Another writer, less well-known, I.P. Klyushnikov, was one of Ivan Sergeevich's home teachers.
The father of the future writer, Sergei Nikolaevich, encourages his son to study Russian, write letters in Russian (but not in French). He even turns to his son for advice on the correct use of certain phrases in Russian.
Ivan Sergeevich becomes a student at Moscow University. The year of study in Moscow has ended. The family moves again - to St. Petersburg.
In St. Petersburg, the father of Ivan Sergeyevich, Sergei Nikolaevich, dies.
Ivan Sergeyevich gets acquainted with Zhukovsky, Gogol, Pushkin, Koltsov ... He started to write and to publish a literature works... He suffers from an insufficiency of means of life that his mother provided him ... (She was trying to keep him on a short leash?).
Mother 's attitude towards sons changes... No flogging...
But, the attitude to the center of the universe and to the universe itself has already been formed.
Turgenev seeks to continue his studies abroad. But his mother does not looks at these plans benevolently.
'The thought that she could rob [deprive] her son of a 'career' directed her finally to agreement with the need for long-term separation.'
If she would have known about the "career" of her son ... what she could told?
(Varvara Petrovna, in a letter, where she described her emotions after seeing off her son Ivan to abroad, showed a literary abilities. 'Already from the Spasskoye estate she wrote to Ivan Sergeyevich:' Right in front of me, on a small music stand, is a view [a painting, a picture] of the St. Petersburg embankment ... The mourners wave their handkerchiefs, hats ... There are carriages ... They look through the lorgnettes on the balconies. Smoke is visionnable, already, the third bell rang - and the mother cried out, fell to her knees in the carriage in front of the window ... The steamer turned and flew like a bird ... The coachman drove the horses along the quay, but.. The swimmer [the ship] was briefly visible... Flew away, and everything is orphaned.... "". This fragment is well written.).
'Only after thirty years did he openly speak about the main motives that guided him when he went abroad.
'Personally,' Turgenev wrote, 'I very clearly recognized all the disadvantages of such an estrangement from my native soil, like a violent interruption of all ties and threads that attached me to that life among which I grew up, but there was nothing to do [no another option existed]. That way of life, that environment, and especially that strip of it, so to speak, to which I belonged - the strip of landlords and serfs - did not represent anything that could hold me back. On the contrary: almost everything that I saw around me aroused in me feelings of embarrassment, indignation - disgust, finally. I could not hesitate. It was necessary either to submit and humbly wander, go along the common road along the beaten track; or to turn away at once, to push away from myself everyone and everything, even at the risk of losing much that was expensive and close to my heart. I did so ... I have not seen another way in front of me ... "
So, in 1838, Turgenev sent to Germany, internally ceasing to be both a serf and a master (owner of serfs), gradually turning into a world-famous European cultural figure.
(On the ship, Ivan Turgenev was dragged into the game of cards. He, seems, did not to have time to start the trip abroad with the losing of a money received from his mother - the game was interrupted by a fire.
Several people were killed, died. Including Turgenev's opponent in chess, with whom Turgenev [during the game] fought hard , "not for life, but for death.")
'There was a shallow, cold rain ... The rescued passengers ... were looking from the shore at the ship, which was dying in the sea ..."
Ivan Turgenev won an important game ...
May 27, 2020 10:49
Translation from Russian into English: June 1, 2020 18:27.
Владимир Владимирович Залесский 'Проекция вечности и уроки психологического сопротивления. Заметка о главах 1-4 книги Николая Богословского 'Тургенев'.'.