Аннотация: The Restoration of the East-Republican State. The Historical treatise.
The Restoration of the East-Republican State. The Historical treatise.
The Romanov dynasty associated the own historical destiny with the partition (and liquidation) of the Rzeczpospolita (1775), with the establishment of a historical alliance with Prussia (German Empire), with the emergence of a tradition of defeat (1853... 1878 ... 1905 ... 1915...).
The tradition of defeats was, in part, interrelated with the lack of effective projects of the future (between 1825 and 1917) among the representatives of the Romanovs dynasty.
Around Lenin formed a significant group of capable and relatively selfless (relatively disinterested (in increasing of own wealth )) people of Eastern-Republican origin.
(The term "East-Republican State" is used in this work as a generalized synonym of a state orders which existed in a different historical epochs in the territories under the control of the Rzeczpospolita).
The hypothesis is quite acceptable that the East-Republicans (by origin) who surrounded Lenin were motivated to a large extent not by the prospects of establishing a proletarian dictatorship in Russia, but by the tendency to restore the Commonwealth.
Some of them may have taken into account historical commonality and common historical roots, and therefore viewed Russia as a (potentially) constituent part of the East-Republican state.
Both representatives of the Romanov dynasty, and figures of the imperial political elite, and Soviet figures, and historians of all schools, directions and currents, did not sufficiently take into account the fact, that 1917 was not only the year of the overthrow in Russia of the Romanov dynasty and the monarchy, but also the year of colossal historical leap in the process of rebuilding the East-Republican state (erased from the political map of the world in 1775).
Indeed, in the final phase of World War I, both the United States (Fourteen Points by President Woodrow Wilson) and Germany (German Empire, Hohenzollern) demonstrated the political will to restore the East-Republican state. (The Romanov dynasty and the imperial political elite had primitive-conservative, protective views on this issue).
Under the leadership of Józef Piłsudski, the Rzeczpospolita (the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) was restored.
The Rzeczpospolita, restored following the First World War, did not include the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
This seems at first glance a somewhat strange historical feature. The Commonwealth was the state union of the Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. What were the grounds for calling the restored state the Rzeczpospolita (the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth)?
The answer lies in Józef Piłsudski 's biography: he was born in Vilenschina (the village of Zułów in area of Wilno, now Vilnius, - the historical territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; he studied at Kharkov University - now Kharkiv, Ukraine)...
There may also have been the results of a gradual erasure of political, cultural, linguistic differences between Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Rzeczpospolita (the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth). The process of cultural unification took place on an absolutely voluntary basis.
By the time the Rzeczpospolita was eliminated in 1775, this state was largely culturally unified. Cultural and legal values (freedoms, republican orders) were universally recognized, and highly valued by residents (Szlachta) of the Rzeczpospolita regardless of origin (birth in the territory of Poland or in the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania). Repeated revolts were a confirmation of the high value of the orders of the Rzeczpospolita in the worldview of her inhabitants.
The extraordinary energy of Józef Piłsudski, a native of Vilenschina (the area of Wilno, now Vilnius), testifies to the enormous cultural, political potential of the democratic and cultural orders of the Rzeczpospolita.
The understanding of Piłsudski 's origin (native to the traditional territories of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania), removed in the 1920s and 1930s the question of the absence of a separate Velikolithuanian state (as a part) in the restored Rzeczpospolita.
In the period between World War I and World War II, the concepts of "Polish State" and " the Rzeczpospolita (the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth)" began to be perceived as synonymous.
In 1939, World War II began. The Polish state was eliminated de facto, but not de jure.
By decisions of the Allied Powers, the Polish state was restored de facto after World War II.
At the same time, and during the German occupation that began in 1939, the trend of restoring the East-Republican state did not completely disappear.
Belarusian and Ukrainian Soviet republics were expanded. A certain state forms continued to exist. What showed itself in 1991 (during the Belovezha Accords).
The Soviet ruling elite, like the Romanov dynasty, had no effective projects of the future regarding the restoration of the East-Republican state.
The the Belovezha Accords was considered from only one point of view - as a crime. It is a view "from the USSR" in the context of the events after 1991 that took place on the territory of the USSR.
Another aspect - the centuries-old vector for the restoration of the East-Republican state - was not taken into account and is not taken into account sufficiently (nowtimes). By and large, there was no "look into the future".
The Soviet elite lost power. It was somewhat reminiscent of the withdrawal from the arena of the Romanov dynasty.
The assumption that the vector for the restoration of the East-Republican state is preserved is permissible. While this process cannot ignore those cultural and psychological characteristics that have resulted from a long existence in a context of limited democracy, totalitarianism and despotism. The "way of life" based on the extraction and use of geopolitical rents could not but affect the very different and deepest personality structures of many residents of Russia (USSR).
Democracy has advantages over totalitarianism and despotism, a normal European life - over a primitive (cave) device; a high level of personal freedoms - over an endless a tightening of nuts and transformation of citizens into a subject of hunting...
The historical vector for the restoration (improvement) of the East Republican state existed, exists and will exist.