Аннотация: Turgenev, Chernyshevsky, the trajectory of political history. A literary and historical essay.
Turgenev, Chernyshevsky, the trajectory of political history. A literary and historical essay.
'In the editorial office of "Sovremennik" Turgenev is valued not only as the greatest writer. Chernyshevsky subsequently recalled that at that time Turgenev had 'a great influence on questions: which poems or novels deserved to be printed.' (Here and further - with the exception of the quotation from the book by Evgeny Guslyarov - quotes from the book by Nicholas Bogoslovskiy "Turgenev").
'Initially, Turgenev treated him kindly and defended him from Grigorovich and Druzhinin. But he showed a sharply negative attitude to Chernyshevsky's dissertation ... "
'With all the differences in the ideological positions and creative methods of Turgenev and Chernyshevsky, the novel 'On the Eve' (1860) [by Turgenev] served in some respects as a stepping stone to the novel 'What Is to Be Done?' (1862-1863) [by Chernyshevsky].
In Insarov there are traits, which are linking Rakhmetov to him. Chernyshevsky called Rakhmetov "a special person." In the eyes of those around Insarov also "an extraordinary man" ...
Turgenev felt that every day he was losing his former influence in the editorial office. Now he no longer hid that the straightforwardness and sequence of critical assessments of Dobrolyubov and Chernyshevsky were alien to him.
He more and more departed from the editorial board of Sovremennik. "A Nest of the Gentlefolk" ("The Noble Nest") was the last novel that Turgenev placed here. He gave the subsequent novels to other magazines.
After the publication of the article 'Hamlet and Don Quixote' in the January issue of Sovremennik for 1860, Turgenev finally and irrevocably broke all ties with this magazine.
Even earlier than Turgenev, Gregorovich, Ostrovsky and Leo Tolstoy withdrew from the magazine ...
The announcement of Sovremennik for 1862 said that although the editors regretted that Turgenev, Tolstoy, Grigorovich and Ostrovsky had left the magazine, however, for the sake of their cooperation, the journal could not sacrifice 'the basic ideas of the publication that seem the fair and the honest ones.'
The Seminarians [students and graduates of seminaries], grouped around "Sovremennik" on the eve of 1861 [the year of the abolition of serfdom], hoped that by some miracle they would be able to reach the helm of state administration. It is difficult to say what their potential as statesmen was. Perhaps there were hopes for a full-fledged constitution, for full-fledged parliamentarism? ...
'For eight months, "Sovremennik" was banned.
Turgenev wrote these days: 'My old literary heart trembled when I read about the prohibition of "Sovremennik". I remembered its foundation, Belinsky and much more ... ""
'In the middle of July 1862 in the Spasskoye estate he heard the news of the arrest of Chernyshevsky, Serno-Solovievich and Pisarev.'...
It did not turn out for "seminarians" to approach the helm of state administration.
The year 1861 passed, and the historical prospects for the "seminarians" disappeared.
The imperial bureaucracy with the nobility liberated the peasants in 1861. After the establishment of the State Duma in 1905, in the foreground was seen the chairman of the new parliament, professor (from the nobility) S.A. Muromtsev.
In February 1917, showed himself Mr. M.V. Rodzianko. Among the interesting achievements is the Provisional Committee of the State Duma.
"What Is to Be Done?" ["Что делать?"] (1862-1863) by Chernyshevsky had a tremendous impact on Vladimir Lenin.
'But after the execution of my brother [Alexander], knowing that Chernyshevsky's novel was one of his favorite works, I took up the real reading and sat over it for several days, and weeks. Only then did I understand the depth. This is a thing that gives a charge for a lifetime. Mediocre works have no such influence.
- So, - Gusev asked, - it was not accidentally that you named your book in 1903 "What Is to Be Done?"
'Really,' Lenin replied, 'Is that impossible to guess?' (Quote from: Eugene Guslyarov 'Lenin in life').
After October 1917 Mikhail Dmitriyevich Bonch-Bruyevich is visible nearby Vladimir Lenin. Bonch-Bruevich is specialist in military planning. He is manager of affairs of the Council of People's Commissars.
Then electrification and the creation of the State Planning Commission, the reform of the Academy of Sciences (and the entire system of scientific institutions) is done by Gleb Krzhizhanovsky.
The "neo-seminarians" on the political locomotive of Lenin managed to reach the levers of government. And, already without Lenin, they implemented industrialization of the country - bringing it to the most advanced (according to the criteria of that era) level of economic development.
'On the Eve' - "What Is to Be Done?" ... - ... a five-year plan ... achievements of the USSR ...
May 31, 2020 05:49
Translation from Russian into English: June 1, 2020 21:08.
Владимир Владимирович Залесский 'Тургенев, Чернышевский, траектория политической истории. Литературно-исторический очерк.'.