# Засуха 2010 и её последствия. Часть 1_1

Пенхаус

Пенхаус

Засуха 2010 и её последствия. Часть 1_1

Origin: http://samlib.ru/p/penhaus_p_h/zasuha2010-11.shtml

Создан: 21/06/2015, изменен: 21/06/2015, 66k

Статья: Мемуары

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## Засуха 2010 и её последствия. Часть 1_1

## Введение.

## Это дневник реальных событий, прошедших в 2010 - в начале 2011 года. Дневник ежедневно обновлялся новыми фактами, неоднократно  подкрепленными с помощью видео с мест с сети интернет и  новостных теле-радио  сообщений, которые пока не создаются  преднамеренно с помощью компьютерных программ, которые стоит ожидать уже (вчера) в недалёком будущем. Кроме того сообщения подтверждены  реальными свидетелями и их сообщениями  с мест, в личных беседах.  Туркменские суховей,  дувший  в те дни двое суток в направлении Волги со скоростью 10-12 метров секунду  ощутил своей кожей и от которого пожелтела и выцвела трава, превратившаяся в торчавшиеся из земли хрупкие иголки,  а затем начались пожары от простых окурков, брошенных на обочине железных и  шоссейных дорог. Самые сообразительные перекопали свои огороды с высохшим урожаем (так как водопровод сдох), выкорчевали беспризорный кустарник, вырубили ветки деревьев, стоявших недалеко от домов точно также  как делают в  Центральной  Азии при выращивании  тутовых деревьев и шелкопряда.

## Photo: 3 / 10

## ╘ RIA Novosti

## http://english.ruvr.ru/photoalbum/12289982/12292133/

Russia hit by worst drought in decades

A state of emergency has been introduced in 16 Russian regions. In the photo: Wormwood on the dried up grasslands in the Chelyabinsk Region's Uvelsk district

Photo: 5 / 10

Russia hit by worst drought in decades

A crack in the dried-up land in the Chelyabinsk Region's Uvelsk district, where a state of emergency has been introduced due to massive drought

## http://english.ruvr.ru/photoalbum/12289982/12292133/

## Частный бизнес с фермерством оказался не на высоте, так как гол и нищ несмотря на все заклинания  либеральной демократии. Бензина  и солярки у них не оказалась на распахивание многочисленных полей и оврагов, на которых некогда пасся  скот, который не хотел есть 5 сантиметровую высохшую траву. Крестьяне начали втихоря  резать и продавать лишние головы скота (начали с овец) на базаре в начале августа 2010г. Страна стояла на грани беспорядков и огня,  который  уже подбирался к окраинам городов, которые начали  гореть.

## Photo: 7 / 10

Russia hit by worst drought in decades

Sheep seen on a dried-up grassland in the Chelyabinsk Region's Uvelsk district, where a state of emergency has been introduced due to massive drought

## http://english.ruvr.ru/photoalbum/12289982/12292151/

## Интернет - это выгребная  яма, в которой  каждый  выгребает  то,  что хочет?

Ошибаетесь.

Разгрёб одну  зловонную  жижу, вставил ссылки,  а завтра  её  уже  зачистили, нет её в лопате. Стараются.  Да ещё  стараются  свои выделения  туда  отложить. Так что  сегодня  подошёл к одной выгребной  яме,  а завтра  она  уже  воняет по-новому. Модернизация.

А телевидение и радио? Что это? Это ежедневные  выгребы  из этой ямы специализированными  отделениями.

## Многочисленные ссылки на фото и видео со временем не действуют, приходится заново находить  ту же информацию, которую администрации сайтов передвигают на другие страницы (иногда уничтожают по чьей-то указке), очевидно дорожа  фактами для собственного использования. Поэтому попробую  найти восстановить, что возможно восстановить на сайте, который позволяет вставлять многочисленные фото  в одной статье, что не возможно на proza.ru, допускающим вставку лишь одного фото.

## Putin warns against wildfires

Tags: forest fires , Russia, Society, News, wildfires

## Jun 10, 2011 20:01 Moscow Time

## Russia"s PM Vladimir Putin has urged the regional governors to do their best to prevent peat and wildfires not to repeat the last year"s situation, talking at a meeting in this respect in the Volga region. Now Russia"s Emergency Ministry is already combating fires which spread over 600,000 ha in Siberia, which exceeds the last year"s fire zones three-fold. The disaster has already killed three firemen.

Засуха 2010 и её последствия для России.

Что вы делаете?

Гёте:"Закон могуч, но власть нужды сильнее."

Содержание.

1.Сообщение обезьяны.

2.О засухе  и  о флуктуации  магнитного  поля Земли.

3. Профессиональные карты погоды

4. Наводнения в Западной Европе.

5.1  Обновляемый перечень регионов России, подвергшихся  засухе в 2010 г.

5.2   Разрушительное наводнение в Пакистане более  20 миллионов  пострадавших, затоплино  земель в долинах плошадью большей плошади Англии. ООН успевает  кормить с верталетов только  1,2 млн голодающих, остальные на грани  гибели.24 авг2010

http://www.proza.ru/2010/08/28/611

http://www.proza.ru/2010/08/28/617

6. Засуха в других регионах мира.

7.Биржа. Экспорт и импорт зерна и прочих продукиов питания.

8.Принимаемые  меры  борьбы с засухой (без коментариев).Очень интересно.

8.1 Страхование.

9.Стихи о засухе.

10.АТМОСФЕРНОЕ ОРУЖИЕ: ХАРП (HAARP), СУРА и другие

Инженер-гидрограф Можаровский Г.С.

http://www.idm-group.ru/forum/topic/9196-zemletrjasenija-na-gaiti-vizvani-ispitanijami-ssh/

11.  Огненное торнадо http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GL6umacM_Zc&translated=1

12  Скорость  распространения лесного огня и огня  с нераспаханных засушливых   полей. Выбор  направления бегства.

http://kprf.ru/crisis/edros/81296.html

13. Карта  пожаров в России

http://www.proza.ru/2010/08/12/602

14. Что ожидать осенью 2010  и зимой 2010-2011.

http://proza.ru/2010/08/27/1372

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***2010 г. July 25, 2010  Спутник НАСА заснял горящую Россию

July 25, 2010 - Fires and smoke in eastern Siberia. (NASA)

http://www.examiner.com/ExaminerSlideshow.html?entryid=1517315&slide=3

Ссылка уже не действует, однако на странице нашёл 10июля 2011

http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=44756

download large image (2 MB, JPEG)

Fires raged in eastern Siberia in late July 2010, sending a plume of thick smoke hundreds of kilometers wide over the Bering Sea. News sources attributed fires in the Russian Federation to drought, heat, and human activity.

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA"s Terra satellite captured this natural-color image on July 25, 2010. Red outlines indicate areas with unusually high surface temperatures associated with actively burning fires.

This image shows the region north of the Kamchatka Peninsula. The largest collection of fires is clustered around a river that feeds into the Penzhinskaya Guba, part of the Sea of Okhotsk. Smaller clusters of fires also burn in the northwest, northeast, and south. Most of the fires send their smoke toward the northeast, but east of the burning fires, winds carry the smoke toward the southeast. Off the coast, the smoke plume is thick enough to completely hide parts of the Bering Sea.

### 1.    References

2. Stolmakevich, S. (2010). Russian fire season continues furious path. Wildfire. Accessed July 26, 2010.

3. The Voice of Russia. (2010, July 18). Siberia struck by forest fires. Accessed July 26, 2010.

NASA image by Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response Team. Caption by Michon Scott.

Instrument:

Terra - MODIS

## Russian fire season continues furious path

By Serghey Stolmakevich Russian News Editor

http://wildfiremag.com/tactics/russian_fire_season/

This season of wildfires has begun unusually early in Russia, but it was not something frightening until early May. Typically there are few wildfires per week in a region, and they don't affect every region. However, an especially dry year along with careless use of matches and cigarettes during two national festivals in May caused fire activity to inevitably skyrocket, especially in the East of Russia.

In the Primorye region in the far east, the number of forest fires tripled over May 2 and 3. In Siberia, the areas of forest fires doubled to more than 1,500 hectares between May 5 and 6. Furthermore, between May 1 and 6, 37 forest fires started in the Khabarovsk region and 18 started in the Irkutsk region.

The hot, drought-stricken weather in eastern Russia also became windy. During the 24-hour period of May 10 the number of fire occurrences reached an unprecedented scale.

• In the Khabarovsk region, the number of forest fires more than doubled, from 35 to 76.

• In far eastern Russia, wildfire totals rose from 93 to 153, with 16,500 hectares under fire. Ten of these fires reached large sizes.

• In Siberia, forest fires have doubled in this period. They doubled again the following day.

• In the Krabarovsk region, 120 bulldozers and tractors and 10 helicopters were used in firefighting.

• In the Chita region, burned areas grew ten-fold to 1,200 hectares.

Serghey Pyrkov, dispatcher for the Far East Forest Protection Aviation Base, stated that 90% of wildfires were caused by human action, but also mentioned numerous ignitions along railroads.

"On Friday we managed to extinguish 25 forest fires, but at the same time got 36 new ones," he said.

In the Irkutsk region 3,500 hectares of forests were on fire on May 11. Approximately 35 airborne firefighters, 500 other personnel and 100 technical units were employed in firefighting operations. An emergency situation was declared in three districts and appeals were broadcast via the media to the public not to go into the forests.

May 12 brought about 158 new fires in the far east regions. Areas of burning forests grew up to 33,000 hectares, and to 55,000 hectares a day after. Firefronts came within two to three kilometers to a number of villages.

Forest fires also threatened railroad facilities. In response, the Far East Railroad Division dispatched 30 fire trains and 20 fire engine crews for suppression of forest fires approaching railways.

In addition, conflagrations destroyed old-growth relic forests in the far eastern regions and highly valuable conifer stands in the south of Siberia.

On May 14, the Ust-Kada village in the Irkutsk Region was completely encircled by a forest fire, and the Kolbinskoye village in the Krasnoyarsk region was threatened by a wind-driven firefront.

The situation was so harmful that the Russian Federation President Vladimir Putin demanded Minister for Emergency Management Serghey Shoygu present a report on forest fires and the state of the national forest firefighting resources on May 15. The minister said that the number of wildfires was nearly the same as a year ago, but the areas burned were almost five times larger.

According to information from the Ministry of Natural Resources, from the start of the fire season through May 26, more than 10,300 wildfires occurred nationwide - up 3,500 from a year ago - and burned 278,000 hectares of forests. Of those fires:

• 70% were human-caused, including profit-aimed arson.

• 48% took place in Siberia and the far eastern regions.

• 90% of fires were controlled by ground forces. The remaining 10% were controlled by aerial resources.

• About 100,000 ground personnel participated in firefighting.

Village destroyed by fire

A wildfire led to almost complete destruction of Borovoye, a village in the Irkutsk Region, on May 15. A sudden gust of stormy wind threw a shower of embers upon the village, and houses we engulfed in only a few minutes.

The only source of water, a wooden reservoir tower, quickly caught fire and collapsed. Residents were defenseless against the blaze and couldn't call for help because the village's telephone line was lost four years ago.

The residents fled to the only safe place - a plowed field - and stayed there, watching the inferno demolish their homes and all of their property in a half hour. Firefighters, rescue rangers and an operational emergency management team arrived at 4 a.m. the following day and found that of the 76 houses only 15 survived, and of the 220 residents, 133 people became homeless.

An investigation revealed that the firefront came from a forest fire propagating toward a nearby Burluk village. Firefighters prepared a control line and set a backfire, but a sudden wind shift turned the fire aside and whipped up the flames. The new head of fire went crowning and in 30 minutes covered a 10km distance to Borovoye.

New cause of fire found

Wildfires were usually attributed to human negligence, careless agricultural burning and vandal ignitions of dry grass. But Russian forestry and emergency management officials found many forest fires were due to other causes.

The first identified cause is connected to the harvesting and selling of fern sprouts in the spring. Russia exports these sprouts to Japan and China. Fern sprouts often grow amidst grass, but fern pickers learned to remove the grass by burning it to make reaping easy.

The second identified cause relates to the extermination of a blood-sucking bug that may infect humans with encephalitis. In the spring, the forests of Siberia and the far eastern regions teem with these bugs, and considerable numbers of forest visitors have been hospitalized after being bitten. No economical way has been found to suppress this species without harming wildlife, so those people whose income depends on the accessibility of the forests sometimes burn the forest floor to kill encephalitis bugs.

But a more appalling cause of mass forest fires surfaced in this season: commercial arson. Police investigations have revealed that many ignitions in Eastern Siberia and the far eastern regions were organized by private logging companies to obtain cheap contracts for salvage logging of charred tree stands.

In these regions, many small logging companies are controlled by criminal organizations. They hire teenagers or vagabonds to set fire in valuable forest plots. In mid-May, three teenagers were caught by foresters while placing lighted matches on the forest floor in the Usolsky district of the Irkutsk region.

## Siberia struck by forest fires

## http://english.ruvr.ru/2010/07/18/12681344.html

Jul 18, 2010 16:31 Moscow Time

Drought and heat of 30-35C caused taiga forest fires in Yakutia (Siberia).

28 fires have been recently registered, 21 of them in Yakutia, the local Forest Service reports.

In the Chukotka Autonomous region fires hit at least 8,000 ha of forest, destroying rain deer pasture.

Some 60,000 ha of Taiga have been destroyed by fire since early summer.

July 27, 2010 - Smoke over Moscow. (NASA)

http://www.examiner.com/ExaminerSlideshow.html?entryid=1517315&slide=4

Ссылка уже не действует, однако на странице нашёл 10июля 2011

http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=44952

acquired July 27, 2010 download large image (3 MB, JPEG) http://eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/imagerecords/44000/44952/moscow_tmo_2010208_lrg.jpg

Smoke from peat fires hovered over a sweltering Moscow in late July 2010, the BBC reported. As firefighters tried to put out some 60 fires in the surrounding countryside, authorities advised Muscovites with breathing difficulties to stay inside or wear gauze masks. As peat bogs burned, officials urged employers to give workers siesta breaks during the hottest part of the day, and urged farmers to harvest at night, according to Bloomberg.

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA"s Terra satellite captured this natural-color image of Moscow and the surrounding region on July 27, 2010. A cloudbank stops short of hiding the city from the satellite"s view, and north of the clouds, a dull blue-gray haze hangs over the area. East-southeast of Moscow, multiple fires (marked by red outlines) send thick plumes of smoke toward the northwest.

The Moscow heat wave arrived amid a severe drought that threatened to raise grain prices. The Russian Federation"s agriculture ministry declared weather-related emergencies in more than 20 crop-producing regions.

Severe fires also burned in eastern Siberia throughout July 2010.

### 1.    References

2. BBC. (2010, July 26). Fog from peat fires blankets Moscow amid heat wave. Accessed July 27, 2010.

3. Ustinova, A. (2010, July 26). Moscow sets heat record as drownings rise, bogs burn. Bloomberg. Accessed July 27, 2010.

NASA image courtesy MODIS Rapid Response Team. Caption by Michon Scott.

Instrument:

Terra - MODIS

26 July 2010 Last updated at 12:12 GMT

## Fog from peat fires blankets Moscow amid heat wave

The Kremlin was barely visible as a pungent fog closed in on baking Moscow

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-10762921

26 July 2010 Last updated at 12:12 GMT

An acrid fog from forest and peat fires has blanketed Moscow, as the Russian capital swelters in a record heat wave.

Firefighters were trying to douse 60 fires covering 59 hectares (145 acres) in the countryside outside Moscow on Monday, the emergencies ministry said.

People with bronchial problems were advised to stay indoors as the level of toxic particles in the air rose five to eight times above the norm.

Flights were unaffected, but the smog shrouded landmarks like the Kremlin.

Doctors say Muscovites should keep their windows closed and wear gauze masks to avoid inhaling ash particles.

Areas to the east and south-east of Moscow are reported to be worst affected.

Water-bombing planes are being used to tackle the fires just beyond the city.

Temperatures in Moscow have risen above 35C in the most intense heat wave to grip the city since 1981.

Read a selection of comments from Russia:

I work two hours east of Moscow directly in the vicinity of the peat fires. During the still, hot weather the smoke from the fires just hangs in the air smothering everything. At times it is extremely acrid and stings your eyes. We are suffering one of the hottest summers on record and some extreme weather, including severe thunderstorms and what seemed to be a tornado that ripped through the town, ripping up trees and killing a 19-year-old woman on Saturday. We are all looking forward to cooler weather.

Rob Laing, Shatura

I live in central Moscow, very close to the Red Square and about a five-minute walk from Christ the Saviour Cathedral. Tonight I started smelling something burning. At first I thought someone was burning something outside, until I got a call from a friend a few kilometres away - she smelled it too. I hardly ever leave the centre of the city and for us to smell the peat fire so far from where it's happening is quite frightening. All the high-rises I can usually see from my balcony appeared to be in a haze today, it's quite awful. As far as leaving the windows closed, stores in Moscow are out of affordable air conditioners and have been for a while - the only thing we can really do is open the windows, though at 35C it doesn't help much.

Ksenia, Moscow

When I went out this morning there was a hazy quality to the air - like bonfire smoke. I live in the north-west of Moscow and this was the first time I had really noticed it this summer. We have had temperatures steadily in the 30s since the first week of July. Of course, our apartment windows are open because of the heat and as well as the black smuts floating in from the cars there's now this. The authorities, as usual, do nothing. How can you close windows and stay inside? This is an idiotic recommendation. The city council and the mayor have ignored the problems of poor air quality caused by unchecked traffic congestion, rubbish incinerators and industrial plants in the city for years.

Ian Lund, Moscow

We are in Nizhny Novgorod, which is about 450km from Moscow. For the last three nights, fog has come into the city and stays until 0900. The air is thick, gets most intense in the early morning.

Anton Sakharov, Nizhny Novgorod

## Moscow Sets Heat Record as Drownings Rise, Bogs Burn

July 26, 2010, 12:37 PM EDT

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http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-07-26/moscow-sets-heat-record-as-drownings-rise-bogs-burn.html

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By Anastasia Ustinova

(Updates with grain-price forecast in fifth paragraph.)

July 26 (Bloomberg) -- Muscovites sweltered as the temperature soared to a record 37.4 degrees Celsius (99.3 Fahrenheit), and the number of Russians who drowned trying to beat the heat reached about 2,000.

Today"s temperature in the capital was the hottest since records began 130 years ago, the Hydrometeorological Monitoring Service said on its website. It surpassed the previous high of 36.8 degrees set in July 1920 during the Civil War. The mercury may rise to 38 degrees on July 29, according to Gidromettsentr, the state weather service.

Unusually high temperatures have contributed to record deaths by drowning across Russia, which increased by 688 in the past three weeks, Rossiiskaya Gazeta reported on July 23, citing Emergency Situations Ministry data. Most of those who drowned were intoxicated, the government"s newspaper of record said. Another 39 people died yesterday, the ministry said on its website.

The heat wave has also hit Russia"s economy, with drought damage to 10.1 million hectares, or 32 percent of all land under cultivation, Agriculture Minister Yelena Skrynnik said on July 23. The ministry has declared weather-related emergencies in 23 crop-producing regions.

Russian food grain prices may double in 2010 from last year because of the drought, the Grain Producers" Union said in an e- mailed statement today.

OAO GAZ, the van and truck maker controlled by billionaire Oleg Deripaska, halted production for two weeks because of the heat. Workers were sent home today on a "corporate vacation" through Aug. 8, spokeswoman Natalya Anisimova said by telephone.

Peat-Bog Fires

The country"s chief health official has urged companies to adopt a siesta regime of breaks for workers during the hottest part of the day to avoid injury and illness. Officials have also urged farmers to start harvesting at night to protect their combines from mechanical failure during the daytime heat.

Muscovites" misery was compounded today by thick smoke from burning peat bogs east of the city. Twenty-one separate peat-bog fires were burning as of 10 a.m. today, according to the Emergency Situations Ministry.

Two Il-76 transport planes, capable of carrying 42 metric tons of water, and a Be-200 amphibious plane are fighting the fires, the ministry said on its website.

--With assistance from Anton Doroshev in Moscow. Editors: Patrick G. Henry, Eddie Buckle.

To contact the reporter on this story: Anastasia Ustinova in Chicago at austinova@bloomberg.net

To contact the editor responsible for this story: James M. Gomez at jagomez@bloomberg.net

July 30, 2010 - Fires and smoke in eastern Siberia. (NASA)

http://www.examiner.com/ExaminerSlideshow.html?entryid=1517315&slide=8

Ссылка уже не действует, однако на странице нашёл 10июля 2011

http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=44756

http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=44976

download large image (4 MB, JPEG)

acquired July 30, 2010 download Google Earth file (KMZ)

Fires continued burning in eastern Siberia, north of the Kamchatka Peninsula, on July 30, 2010. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA"s Terra satellite captured this natural-color image the same day.

Marked by red outlines, fires burn east and west of Penzhinskaya Guba at the northernmost tip of the Sea of Okhotsk. In the west, fires send thick smoke plumes toward the north-northeast. In the east, fires send their smoke toward the east-northeast. The smoke plumes coalesce into a thick river of smoke that travels toward the southeast.

Eastern Siberia was not the only part of the Russian Federation contending with fires. A different set of wildfires sent thick smoke over Moscow.

NASA image by Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response Team. Caption by Michon Scott.

Instrument:

Terra - MODIS

August 4, 2010 http://www.examiner.com/ExaminerSlideshow.html?entryid=1517315&slide=16

NASA satellite imagery shows fires burning across Russia

Ссылка уже не действует, однако на странице нашёл 10июля 2011

http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=45046

download large image (14 MB, JPEG) http://eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/imagerecords/45000/45046/Russia_TMO_2010216_lrg.jpg

Intense fires continued to rage in western Russia on August 4, 2010. Burning in dry peat bogs and forests, the fires produced a dense plume of smoke that reached across hundreds of kilometers. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) captured this view of the fires and smoke in three consecutive overpasses on NASA"s Terra satellite. The smooth gray-brown smoke hangs over the Russian landscape, completely obscuring the ground in places. The top image provides a close view of the fires immediately southeast of Moscow, while the lower image shows the full extent of the smoke plume.

The fires along the southern edge of the smoke plume near the city of Razan, top image, are among the most intense. Outlined in red, a line of intense fires is generating a wall of smoke. The easternmost fire in the image is extreme enough that it produced a pyrocumulus cloud, a dense towering cloud formed when intense heat from a fire pushes air high into the atmosphere.

The lower image shows the full extent of the smoke plume, spanning about 3,000 kilometers (1,860 miles) from east to west. If the smoke were in the United States, it would extend approximately from San Francisco to Chicago. The MODIS sensor acquired the right section of the image starting at 5:55 UTC (10:55 a.m. local time, 8:55 a.m. in Moscow). The center section is from the overpass starting at 7:35 UTC (11:35 local time, 10:35 in Moscow), and the westernmost section was taken at 9:10 UTC (12:10 p.m. local time in Moscow).

Early analyses of data from the Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR), another instrument on the Terra satellite, indicates that smoke from previous days has at times reached 12 kilometers (7.5 miles) above Earth"s surface into the stratosphere. At such heights, smoke is able to travel long distances to affect air quality far away. This may be one reason that the smoke covers such a large area. The pyrocumulus cloud and the detection of smoke in the stratosphere are good indicators that the fires are large and extremely intense.

According to news reports, 520 fires were burning in western Russia on August 4. MODIS detected far fewer. It is likely that the remaining fires were hidden from the satellite"s view by the thick smoke and scattered clouds. High temperatures and severe drought dried vegetation throughout central Russia, creating hazardous fire conditions in July.

As of August 4, 48 people had died in the fires and more than 2,000 had lost their homes throughout central Russia, said news reports. The dense smoke also created hazardous air quality over a broad region. Visibility in Moscow dropped to 20 meters (0.01 miles) on August 4, and health officials warned that everyone, including healthy people, needed to take preventative measures such as staying indoors or wearing a mask outdoors, reported the Wall Street Journal. In the image, Moscow is hidden under a pall of smoke. Close to the fires, smoke poses a health risk because it contains small particles (soot) and hazardous gases that can irritate the eyes and respiratory system. Smoke also contains chemicals that lead to ozone production farther away from the fires.

The large image provides the full scene shown in the lower image at the sensor"s highest resolution (as shown in the top image). The MODIS Rapid Response Team provides the scene in additional resolutions.

#### 1.    References

2. BBC News. (2010, August 4). Medvedev cuts holiday as Russian wildfires kill 48. Accessed August 4, 2010.

3. Iosebashvili, I. (2010, August 4). Death toll rises as Russian fires rage. Wall Street Journal. Accessed August 4, 2010.

NASA image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response Team at NASA GSFC. Caption by Holli Riebeek with information courtesy Mike Fromm, Naval Research Laboratory.

Instrument:

Terra - MODIS

## NASA satellite imagery shows fires burning across Russia

Tony Hake's photo

### Tony Hake

, Natural Disasters Examiner

August 5, 2010 - Like this? Subscribe to get instant updates.

Continue reading on Examiner.com NASA satellite imagery shows fires burning across Russia - National Natural Disasters | Examiner.com http://www.examiner.com/natural-disasters-in-national/nasa-satellite-imagery-shows-fires-burning-across-russia#ixzz1RgE17MFw

Satellite imagery released by NASA clearly shows the extent of

the smoke plume from wildfires burning in western Russia. (NASA)

View larger images below and click here to view a satellite image

slideshow of the event.

More than 600 wildfires burning across Russia have clouded the skies and claimed the lives of at least 50 people. NASA has trained its satellites on the nation capturing imagery of the blazes as they continue to burn.

Seven regions of Russia are under state of emergency as officials struggle to gain an upper hand against the fires. All told, estimates are that more than 484,000 acres (196,000 hectares) have been scorched with no end in sight.

President Dmitry Medvedev fired several military officials today for their inability to slow the fires. Thousands of people have lost their homes as the flames continue unabated. A naval base in Kolomna was destroyed last week and a nuclear research facility in Sarov is now threatened.

• For a complete look of satellite imagery over recent weeks of the Russian fires, view the slideshow here.

The choking smoke over places like Moscow has added to the misery of what has been an unusually hot summer. The plumes of smoke are so extensive they can easily be captured by NASA satellites orbiting 22,300 miles above the surface of the Earth.

The imagery below was captured by NASA"s Terra satellite yesterday. In the top image, the plumes of smoke from the fires in western Russia stretch more than 1,800 miles (3,000 km). The lower image shows a closer view of the fires burning southeast of Moscow.

Satellite image showing the extent of the smoke plume from fires burning in Russia (NASA)

Satellite image of smoke from wildfires burning southeast of Moscow (NASA)

From NASA:

Intense fires continued to rage in western Russia on August 4, 2010. Burning in dry peat bogs and forests, the fires produced a dense plume of smoke that reached across hundreds of kilometers. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/  http://lance.nasa.gov/imagery/rapid-response/  captured this view of the fires and smoke in three consecutive overpasses on NASA"s Terra  http://terra.nasa.gov/ satellite. The smooth gray-brown smoke hangs over the Russian landscape, completely obscuring the ground in places. The top image provides a close view of the fires immediately southeast of Moscow, while the lower image shows the full extent of the smoke plume.

The fires along the southern edge of the smoke plume near the city of Razan, top image, are among the most intense. Outlined in red, a line of intense fires is generating a wall of smoke. The easternmost fire in the image is extreme enough that it produced a pyrocumulus cloud, a dense towering cloud formed when intense heat from a fire pushes air high into the atmosphere.

The lower image shows the full extent of the smoke plume, spanning about 3,000 kilometers (1,860 miles) from east to west. If the smoke were in the United States, it would extend approximately from San Francisco to Chicago. The MODIS sensor acquired the right section of the image starting at 5:55 UTC (10:55 a.m. local time, 8:55 a.m. in Moscow). The center section is from the overpass starting at 7:35 UTC (11:35 local time, 10:35 in Moscow), and the westernmost section was taken at 9:10 UTC (12:10 p.m. local time in Moscow).

Early analyses of data from the Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR), another instrument on the Terra satellite, indicates that smoke from previous days has at times reached 12 kilometers (six miles) above Earth"s surface into the stratosphere. At such heights, smoke is able to travel long distances to affect air quality far away. This may be one reason that the smoke covers such a large area. The pyrocumulus cloud and the detection of smoke in the stratosphere are good indicators that the fires are large and extremely intense.

According to news reports, 520 fires were burning in western Russia on August 4. MODIS detected far fewer. It is likely that the remaining fires were hidden from the satellite"s view by the thick smoke and scattered clouds. High temperatures and severe drought dried vegetation throughout central Russia, creating hazardous fire conditions in July.

As of August 4, 48 people had died in the fires and more than 2,000 had lost their homes throughout central Russia, said news reports. The dense smoke also created hazardous air quality over a broad region. Visibility in Moscow dropped to 20 meters (0.01 miles) on August 4, and health officials warned that everyone, including healthy people, needed to take preventative measures such as staying indoors or wearing a mask outdoors, reported the Wall Street Journal. In the image, Moscow is hidden under a pall of smoke. Close to the fires, smoke poses a health risk because it contains small particles (soot) and hazardous gases that can irritate the eyes and respiratory system. Smoke also contains chemicals that lead to ozone production farther away from the fires.

The large image provides the full scene shown in the lower image at the sensor"s highest resolution (as shown in the top image). The MODIS Rapid Response Team provides the scene in additional resolutions.

#### References

1.     BBC News. (2010, August 4). Medvedev cuts holiday as Russian wildfires kill 48. Accessed August 4, 2010.

2.     Iosebashvili, I. (2010, August 4). Death toll rises as Russian fires rage. Wall Street Journal. Accessed August 4, 2010.

NASA image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response Team at NASA GSFC. Caption by Holli Riebeek with information courtesy Mike Fromm, Naval Research Laboratory.

Continue reading on Examiner.com NASA satellite imagery shows fires burning across Russia - National Natural Disasters | Examiner.com http://www.examiner.com/natural-disasters-in-national/nasa-satellite-imagery-shows-fires-burning-across-russia#ixzz1RgDrnk59

Спутник НАСА заснял горящую Россию

http://www.baltinfo.ru/2010/08/06/Sputnik-NASA-zasnyal-goryaschuyu-Rossiyu-156549

Вашингтон, 6 августа. Американское космическое агентство НАСА опубликовало спутниковые снимки лесных пожаров, охвативших в последние недели среднюю полосу России, сообщает The Examiner.

По информации издания, эксперты агентства провели специальную фотосессию с помощью одного из своих спутников, в частности, с Terra. Для съемки использовался спектрорадиометр среднего разрешения MODIS.

Согласно анализу снимков, наиболее интенсивны пожары на севере и северо-востоке от Рязани, также серьезная ситуация в Московской, Тульской и Владимирской областях.

Фотографии демонстрируют шлейф дыма, растянувшийся на 3 тысячи километров над центральной Россией над площадью около 196 Га. Дымовая завеса поднялась в воздух на 12 километров, проникнув в стратосферу.

Московский регион Фото: nasa.gov

Центральная Россия. Фото: nasa.gov

Снимки были сделаны 4 августа 2010 года.

http://www.baltinfo.ru/news/Sputnik-NASA-zasnyal-goryaschuyu-Rossiyu-156549/

## Medvedev cuts holiday as Russian wildfires kill 48

4 August 2010 Last updated at 10:22 GMT http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-10865316

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-10865316

BBC's Richard Galpin: "Twelve houses here have been completely destroyed"

Russia's President Dmitry Medvedev has interrupted his holiday to hold emergency talks on wildfires raging across central Russia.

The death toll from the disaster has reached 48, and seven regions are under a state of emergency.

Authorities are especially concerned about fires burning near a major nuclear research centre in Sarov.

Air pollution in Moscow has soared as the capital is blanketed in thick smoke from peat bog and forest fires.

Mr Medvedev, who was on his traditional summer break in the southern resort of Sochi, returned to the capital to chair an emergency meeting of the national security council on the crisis that was sparked by a heatwave.

Authorities said more than 2,000 firefighters were battling fires near the Sarov nuclear research facility, in the Nizhny Novgorod region.

The head of Russia's nuclear agency, who supervised the operation on the ground, said the situation was under control.

"Nothing is threatening the centre's facilities," Sergei Kiriyenko told the Interfax news agency.

Prime Minister Vladimir Putin met emergency services in the Voronezh region south of Moscow, one of the worst affected areas where hundreds of houses burnt down.

Thousands of people have lost their homes in 14 regions of Russia over the past few days.

About a fifth of Russia's grain crop has also been destroyed.

Many children are being evacuated from summer camps threatened by fires.

No let-up in the heatwave, which has seen record average temperatures, is expected in the next few days, with the Moscow area expected to hit about 38C (100F) this week.

'Out of control'

On Tuesday, Emergencies Minister Sergei Shoigu warned that the situation was dangerously unpredictable.

"In some places it is getting out of control and urgent firefighting manoeuvres are needed," he said.

People wear face masks to protect themselves from the forest fire smog in Moscow on August 4, 2010Moscow doctors recommend that the elderly and toddlers should wear gauze masks outdoors

About 155,000 people, including 124,000 emergency workers, and more than 20,000 units of machinery are currently being used to fight the fires across Russia, the minister said.

Mr Shoigu confirmed that many of the fires were caused by human negligence.

An eyewitness travelling in forested areas east of Moscow over the past week told the BBC she had seen smokers on a train flick smouldering cigarette butts from windows, and motorists likewise discarding them along roads.

The head of the ministry's crisis centre, Vladimir Stepanov, said municipal bodies in central Russia "must mobilise all their forces, not just sit and wait for fire brigades to arrive".

Prosecutors have opened a criminal case against national park officials in the Sverdlovsk region in the Urals, who stand accused of failing to extinguish fires in the area.

Moscow smog

Peat bog fires outside Moscow have shrouded the capital in smog for several days. Doctors say the elderly and toddlers should wear gauze masks outdoors.

Fires in Russia

Elena Lezina, an expert at the Moscow state agency that monitors air quality, said pollution in the capital had surged four to 10 times above safe levels on Wednesday morning.

More famous for its bitterly cold winters, the country's European part normally enjoys short, warm summers.

However, this July was the hottest month on record, with Moscow, which sees an average high of 23C in the summer months, sweltering in 37.8C last Thursday.

### Как выглядит горящая Россия из космоса

http://www.vzglyad.ru/photoreport/422869/

Американское аэрокосмическое агентство NASA опубликовало спутниковый снимок западной и центральной областей России. Фото позволяет оценить масштаб сотен пожаров, распространяющихся в стране: отчетливо виден густой шлейф дыма протяженностью в 1700 км. Снимок сделан 2 августа 2010 спутником Terra. Дым настолько густой, что землю под ним различить невозможно  (фото: nasa.gov)

2. О засухе  и  о флуктуации  магнитного  поля Земли кто-нибудь напишет.

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© Пенхаус. Засуха 2010 и её последствия. Часть 1_1

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