Henry de Overwood
The Constitution of the Ussr of 1924, the Tsfsr, the Constitution of the Ussr of 1936 (Prince Henry the Navigator, Soviet statesmen Felix Dzerzhinsky, Andrey Vyshinsky). A historical hypothesis
Аннотация: MMMDCLXXXVI. The Constitution of the USSR of 1924, the TSFSR, the Constitution of the USSR of 1936 (Prince Henry the Navigator, Soviet statesmen Felix Dzerzhinsky, Andrey Vyshinsky). A historical hypothesis. - August 12, 2025.
The Constitution of the USSR of 1924, the TSFSR, the Constitution of the USSR of 1936 (Prince Henry the Navigator, Soviet statesmen Felix Dzerzhinsky, Andrey Vyshinsky). A historical hypothesis.
Around 1088, the University of Bologna was founded, which was initially a school where legal norms were developed based on Roman law.
Prince Henry the Navigator was a Portuguese prince, the son of King John I, the organizer of many Portuguese maritime expeditions to the south of Mauritania along the West African coast. Since 1418, the Prince settled in the south of Portugal near the city of Lagos and founded an observatory there. It is widely believed that he founded a navigation school in the city of Sagres.
In 1364, a university was founded in the city of Krakow (Poland) (eleven departments were created: eight law departments, two medical departments and one liberal arts department) (Jagiellonian University).
On May 3, 1791, Poland became one of the first countries in the world to adopt a constitution.
Jan-Stanisław Stanislavovich Stetsky (Jan Stecki) (March 22, 1871, Siedliszka - June 30, 1954, Bełżyce [a town in the Lublin Voivodeship, in Lublin County, in eastern Poland]) - Polish publicist, deputy of the State Duma of the 1st and 2nd convocations from the Lublin Governorate and member of the Legislative Sejm of Poland (in 1922-1927 and 1930-1935 - senator of the Polish Republic). (Author of more than 300 articles, several books. Owned 1 thousand 100 dessiatines of land. [A dessiatin is equal to 10,925 square metres, or 1.09 hectare]).
In 1889, Jan Stanisław Stetsky (Jan Stecki) was accepted to the Medical Faculty of the University of Warsaw. He entered the Philosophy Faculty of the University of Bonn as an auditing student [an auditing student - a person allowed to attend lectures and other classes at a higher educational institution, but not included among the students].
On April 20, 1906, Stetsky (Stecki) was elected to the State Duma (of the Russian Empire) of the 1st convocation from the general composition of the electors of the Lublin provincial electoral assembly. He signed a statement of 27 deputies of the 1st State Duma, Poles, on the relationship of the Kingdom of Poland with the Russian Empire according to the previous legislation and according to the Fundamental State Laws of April 23, 1906. He made great efforts to pass a bill on granting autonomy to the Kingdom of Poland.
Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky (born August 30 [September 11], 1877 in the family estate of Dzerzhinovo, Oshmyany district, Vilnius province, Russian Empire (now Stolbtsy district, Minsk region, Belarus) - July 20, 1926, Moscow, USSR) in the fall of 1887 came to Vilnius, where he passed exams for admission to the primary class of the First Vilnius boys' gymnasium. Józef Pilsudski also studied at this gymnasium.
In November 1891, Vladimir Ulyanov [Lenin] passed the exams as an external student for the course of the law faculty of the Imperial St. Petersburg University. There is no significant information about his practical activities in the legal specialty or about his work in a theory of law. (How was the "external" exam organized?). (External examinations - the exams as an external student - taking exams for the entire course of study without attending classes (self-study, self-education), with the possibility of obtaining a standard diploma.)
In 1921, the Legislative Sejm of the Polish state, created in 1918, adopted a constitution. On November 5, 1922, elections to the Sejm were held.
On December 30, 1922, the First Congress of Soviets of the USSR approved the Declaration and Treaty on the Formation of the USSR. The treaty was signed by representatives of four republics: the RSFSR, the Ukrainian SSR, the BSSR and the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (TSFSR). It took one year and two months to prepare and adopt the Constitution of the new state. The Constitution (Basic Law) of the USSR was adopted by the II All-Union Congress of Soviets on January 31, 1924.
In the mid-1930s, Europe (as well as Asia) began to experience an intense pressure on the state borders established after the First World War (borders of 20s).
From May 11, 1931, Andrey Vyshinsky [Wyszyński] was the Prosecutor of the RSFSR, and from May 21 of the same year, also the Deputy People's Commissar of Justice of the RSFSR. From June 1933 - First Deputy Procurator of the Soviet Union, and from March 1935 to May 1939 - Prosecutor of the USSR. (In the city of Baku, Andrey Vyshinsky graduated from the first men's classical gymnasium (1900). In 1901, he entered the law faculty of Kyiv University; he was reinstated and graduated from Kiev University in 1913.)
On June 25, 1934, the Politburo of the Central Committee included a report on constitutional issues in the agenda of the VII Congress of Soviets of the USSR.
The document, which was called the "Rough Draft" and personally edited by Stalin in April 1936, was prepared by members of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks): by (1) the head of the Department of Party Propaganda and Agitation of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and editor-in-chief of the magazine "Bolshevik" Aleksei Stetskii (Stetsky), (2) the head of the Agricultural Department of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), Ya. A. Yakovlev (the organizer of the collective farm system in the USSR and former People's Commissar of Agriculture of the USSR (1929-1934)), (3) B. M. Tal (the head of the Department of Printing and Publishing of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and a member of the editorial board of the newspaper "Pravda").
"The Stalin Constitution" - the "basic law" of the USSR - was adopted by the VIII All-Union Extraordinary Congress of Soviets on December 5, 1936. The Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic was not mentioned among the 'equal Soviet Socialist Republics' - members of Union.
The above allows us to put forward a hypothesis of the following content.
Vladimir Lenin actively studied the experience of the Paris Commune (a French revolutionary government that seized power in Paris on 18 March 1871 and controlled parts of the city until 28 May 1871). This allowed Lenin to formulate a number of names (wordcombinations) used after 1917 (for example: "People's Commissar", "Decree"). The experience of the Paris Commune did not create a good intellectual basis for a constitutional activity.
It can be assumed that one of the leading roles in the preparation of the Constitution of 1924 was played by Felix Dzerzhinsky. (Who was a significant specialist in the field of jurisprudence at that time?).
A specialist in the field of jurisprudence of a sufficiently high level was required to develop the Constitution of the USSR of 1936. Although there is no reason to deny the role of Aleksei Stetskii (Stetsky) in the preparation of the Constitution of the USSR of 1936, the leading conceptual and theoretical role of Andrey Vyshinsky is still more likely.
Just as there is not enough complete information about the figures who carried out the rather complex work of preparing the USSR constitutions of 1924 and 1936, there is also not enough complete information about the motives for the creation and the motives for the termination of the TSFSR. (Who and when prepared the constitution of the TSFSR?).
So, let us formulate a hypothesis: presumably, the main role in the preparation of the USSR Constitution of 1924 was played by Felix Dzerzhinsky, and in the preparation of the USSR Constitution of 1936 - by Andrey Vyshinsky.
The following questions are of separate interest: who and when prepared the constitution of the TSFSR? for what reasons was the TSFSR created and terminated? The transition of Lavrentiy Beria from the post of first secretary of the Transcaucasian Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) to the USSR level (1936-1937) allows us to assume that the results of the functioning of the TSFSR were quite satisfactory.
The RSFSR, the Ukrainian SSR, and the BSSR were listed as member republics of the Union in the USSR Constitution of 1924; they were listed as member republics in the USSR Constitution of 1936.
Perhaps archival research will make the legal (constitutional) history of the USSR clearer and more understandable.
August 12, 2025 13:55 (1:55 PM)
Translation from Russian into English: August 13, 2025 15:19
Владимир Владимирович Залесский ' Конституция СССР 1924 года, ЗСФСР, Конституция СССР 1936 года (Принц Генрих Мореплаватель, советские государственные деятели Феликс Дзержинский, Андрей Вышинский). Историческая гипотеза.'
{3715. Конституция СССР 1924 года, ЗСФСР, Конституция СССР 1936 года (Принц Генрих Мореплаватель, советские государственные деятели Феликс Дзержинский, Андрей Вышинский). Историческая гипотеза. - 12 августа 2025 г.
MMMDCLXXXVI. The Constitution of the USSR of 1924, the TSFSR, the Constitution of the USSR of 1936 (Prince Henry the Navigator, Soviet statesmen Felix Dzerzhinsky, Andrey Vyshinsky). A historical hypothesis. - August 12, 2025.
Vladimir Zalessky Internet-bibliotheca. Интернет-библиотека Владимира Залесского}